Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus talk with Dr. Tyson Reeder about how foreign powers shaped America’s early politics under James Madison. As Federalists supported Britain and Democratic-Republicans championed France, the young republic wrestled with questions of loyalty, ideology, and trust.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 0:41 - Who was James Madison? 4:08 - The Birth of Political Parties in Early America 8:05 - The Spy and the Con Artist: A Tale of Deception 17:23 - Madison's Presidency and the War of 1812 21:22 - Foreign Meddling and Domestic Politics In Colonial US 25:19 - Madison’s Perspective on the Presidency 29:29 - Contexualizing “The People” 33:57 -  The Aftermath of the $50,000 Blunder 36:53 - Madison's Delusions and Political Corruption 42:04 - Partisanship and Its Consequences 43:28 - Madison’s Embargo and Political Fall Out 49:20 - The War of 1812: Unity or Division? 54:36 - What Was it About Madison that People Didn’t Like? 57:01 - The Serpent: The Cycle of Partisan Politics and Foreign Meddling   EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Tyson Reeder - https://socialsciences.byu.edu/directory/tyson-reeder Serpent in Eden: Foreign Meddling and Partisan Politics in James Madison's America  - https://academic.oup.com/book/57414 James Madison – https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Madison Federalist Party – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party Democratic-Republican Party – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party John Henry - https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/henry_john_8E.html Paul-Émile Soubiran - https://academics.umw.edu/jamesmonroepapers/2017/04/13/french-imposters-diplomatic-double-speak-buried-archival-treasures/ James Monroe – https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Monroe Steele Dossier - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trial-begins-for-russian-analyst-who-was-source-for-flawed-trump-dossier Articles of Confederation – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/articles-of-confederation Edmond-Charles Genêt – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edmond-Charles-Genet Chesapeake Affair – https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/art/exhibits/conflicts-and-operations/the-war-of-1812/uss-chesapeake--hms-leopard-affair.html Embargo of 1807 – https://www.britannica.com/event/Napoleonic-Wars/Great-Britain-France-and-the-neutrals-1800-02 Jay Treaty - https://www.britannica.com/event/Jay-Treaty Election of 1796 – https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1796 Era of Good Feelings – https://www.britannica.com/event/Era-of-Good-Feelings PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus sit down with historian Dr. Jonathan S. Jones to uncover the hidden history of opium use during the American Civil War. Hailed as a miracle cure for battlefield pain, opium left countless veterans battling lifelong addiction—an often-overlooked consequence of war that shaped lives long after the fighting ended.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 1:12 - How did you choose your topic? 3:25 - The journey to discovering opium’s role 4:39 - The difference between opium and morphine 6:40 - Pre-modern medicine ear 8:25 - Opium's prevalence in the U.S. civil war medicine 10:47 - Addiction awareness in the 19th century 13:52 - Changing the perception of addiction 17:55 - Civil War Veterans and opium use 21:02 - Access to opium: The unregulated market 22:46 - Supply and Demand: Opium During the Civil War 27:00 - Medical Advancements and the Hypodermic Syringe 32:44 - International Influence on Civil War Medicine 34:19 - The Emergence of Addiction Post-Civil War 37:57 - How was Morphine Prescribed 39:54 - Responses to Addiction: A Historical Perspective 47:07 - Shifts in Perception and Treatment of Addiction 54:43 - Racial and Gender Disparities in Addiction Treatment 58:18 - The Legacy of Addiction: Lessons from History and Where to Visit 1:00:57 - Where to find Jonathon and his book   EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Jonathan S. Jones - https://jonathansjones.net James Madison University - https://www.jmu.edu/history/people/all-people/jones-jonathan.shtml Opium Slavery: The Civil War, Veterans, and America’s First Opioid Crisis - https://uncpress.org/9781469689531/opium-slavery/ Opium – https://museum.dea.gov/exhibits/online-exhibits/cannabis-coca-and-poppy-natures-addictive-plants/opium-poppy Opiate v. Opioid - https://www.oregon.gov/adpc/pages/opiate-opioid.aspx Germ Theory - https://www.civilwarmed.org/germ-theory-antebellum/ Civil War Field Hospitals - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/everyday-life-civil-war-hospital Crimean War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Crimean-War Ambrose Bierce - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ambrose-Bierce Harrison Narcotics Tax Act - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234755/#:~:text=The%20measure%20that%20finally%20passed,to%20pay%20a%20small%20tax. National Museum of Civil War Medicine – https://www.civilwarmed.org American Civil War Museum - https://acwm.org BlueSky – https://bsky.app/profile/jonathansjones.bsky.social Email - jones8js@jmu.edu PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast   To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by historian Dr. Julia Gaffield to uncover the overlooked legacy of Jean-Jacques Dessalines, a central—but often forgotten—figure of the Haitian Revolution. While many histories of Haitian independence sideline or erase him, Dr. Gaffield restores Dessalines to his rightful place as a revolutionary leader whose impact reshaped the Atlantic world.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 1:29 - Who is Jean Jacques Dessalines 6:01 - His experience as an enslaved person 8:59 - Differences in US slave societies vs French colonies 10:42 - Saint-Domingue  12:38 - Defining Creole 14:16 - The complexities of the Haitian Revolutions’s demographics 15:04 - From slave to freeman 15:54 - The 7 Years War and the Haitian Revolution 17:52 - Racism as a cultural norm vs codification 21:00 - What sets off the revolution? 23:35 - How does the French revolution play a role? 27:12 - Jean Baptiste Charbonneau & Vincent Ogé 32:45 - Dessalines and Louverture 37:39 - Betrayal and Legacy 41:09 - A double standard: Dessalines’ barbaric reputation 49:30 - The path to independence: The end of slavery in Haiti 54:44 - The significance of the book title   EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Julia Gaffield - https://juliagaffield.com/ I Have Avenged America: Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Haiti’s Fight for Freedom - https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300255478/i-have-avenged-america/ Haitian Revolution - https://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/san_domingo_revolution/revolution.html Toussaint Louverture - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Toussaint-Louverture Jean-Jacques Dessalines - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Jacques-Dessalines French Revolution - https://www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution MLK - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther-King-Jr Malcolm X - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malcolm-X Saint-Domingue - https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti/Early-period#ref515792 Hispaniola - https://www.britannica.com/place/Hispaniola Jean-Baptiste Chavannes - https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Chavannes,_Jean_Baptiste Vincent Oge - https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/oge-vincent-1755-1791/ Leclerc Expedition - https://islandluminous.fiu.edu/part02-slide09.html Cover Image - https://spencerart.ku.edu/art/collections-online/object/58502 Ulrick Jean-Pierre - https://ulrickjeanpierre.com/ “I Have Avenged America” Speech - https://haitidoi.com/2013/08/02/i-have-avenged-america/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus sit down with cultural historian Dr. Kelly J. Baker to explore America’s enduring obsession with a zombie apocalypse. What does our fascination with the undead reveal about our fears, values, and survival instincts? And how do imagined apocalyptic scenarios shape—or reflect—our responses to real-world crises?   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia Description: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus sit down with cultural historian Dr. Kelly J. Baker to explore America’s enduring obsession with a zombie apocalypse. What does our fascination with the undead reveal about our fears, values, and survival instincts? And how do imagined apocalyptic scenarios shape—or reflect—our responses to real-world crises?   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 1:25 - How did you get into zombies? 8:06 - Zombies in American culture 13:32 - Moralism in the horror genre 16:48 - How does a zombie apocalypse compare to historical, real life apocalypses 27:47 - What is a luxury morality, where do we go once that’s gone? 33:05 - Is this an American phenomena and why is it so popular? 37:40 - Racism and misogyny in the genre - who survives? 45:31 - How have the winds changed in the last 5 years? 49:17 - Why should we take zombie preppers seriously? 52:48 - What is Kelly’s favorite zombie flick? 54:10 - What can we learn from zombies? 56:05 - Where to learn more about zombies and Kelly   EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Kelly J. Baker - https://www.kellyjbaker.com/ The Zombies Are Coming: The Realities of the Zombie Apocalypse in American Culture - https://www.kellyjbaker.com/writing/the-zombies-are-coming/  Anabaptists - https://amnetwork.uk/resource/anabaptist-common-practices/ Zombie Doomsday Preppers - https://fithops.com/blogs/learning-center/plan-to-survive-zombie-outbreak#:~:text=Essential%20Zombie%20Survival%20Gear,Kit%20for%20Durability%20and%20Efficiency Preparedness 101: Zombie Pandemic - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/6023 Kingdom - https://www.netflix.com/title/81095387 Warm Bodies - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1588173/ Halloween Horror Nights - https://www.halloweenhorrornights.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast   To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by historian Dr. Zara Anishanslin to uncover the overlooked world of non-elite painters—women, nonwhite men, and others who used their brushes to make bold political statements. While elite artists shaped the iconic images of the Revolution that we know today, these lesser-known figures painted a different picture—one that’s only now coming into view. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 2:05 - Unveiling Forgotten Artists of the Revolution 3:36 - Political Art: The Role of Art in the Revolution 9:50 - Espionage and Art: The Quirky Contributions of Artists 16:18 - Understanding Art: Reading Between the Lines in History 19:16 - Understanding the Iconography in Art today 22:08 - Piecing Together the History of Lost Paintings 26:13 - The Evolution of Radical Artists Post-Revolution 30:37 - Transatlantic Perspectives on the American Revolution 33:40 - The Declaration of Independence: Glorification vs Reality 38:56 - Art and Myth-Making in Revolutionary America 43:44 - Exploring the Lives of Three Key Artists 52:19 - Dr. Anishanslin’s favorite painting, her new book and where to find her EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Zara Anishanslin - https://drzara.org/ The Painter's Fire: A Forgotten History of the Artists Who Championed the American Revolution - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674290235 Pre-order your copy- https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-painters-fire-zara-anishanslin/1146558188?ean=9780674290235 Thing4Things: The History Podcast Where Things Happen and Stuff Matters- https://www.thing4thingspodcast.com/ BlueSky - @drzara Instagram - @thing4things and @thing4thingspodcast Charles Willson Peale - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Willson-Peale John Trumbull - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Trumbull-American-painter Ai WeiWei - https://www.aiweiwei.com/ Banksy - https://www.banksy.co.uk/ Patience Wright - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patience-Wright Robert Edge Pine - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Edge-Pine Joseph Wright - https://www.pafa.org/museum/collection/item/wright-family Lord Dunmore - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/dunmore-john-murray-fourth-earl-of-ca-1730-1809/ Patience Wright’s sculpture of William Pitt - https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/william-pitt-and-family Obama’s presidential portrait - https://npg.si.edu/learn/classroom-resource/barack-obama King Charles’ official portrait - https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-68981200 Michelle Obama’s portrait - https://npg.si.edu/learn/classroom-resource/michelle-obama George Washington’s Lansdowne portrait - https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2001.13 Prince Demah - https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/essays/painting-independence-boston-prince-demah Apotheosis of Washington - https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/apotheosis-washington John Trumbull’s Declaration painting - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Declaration_of_Independence_(1819),_by_John_Trumbull.jpg Robert Edge Pine’s Declaration painting - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Congress_voting_independence.jpg John Trumbull painting with William Lee - https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/12822 Henry Laurens - https://www.britannica.com/event/American-Revolution John Wollaston - https://www.nga.gov/artists/1981-john-wollaston Prince Demah’s portrait of Christian Barnes - https://outofthearchives.org/2015/01/10/prince-demah-portrait-painter/ Robert Edge Pine’s portrait of Patience Wright - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Edge_Pine_-_Patience_Lovell_Wright_-_NPG.86.168_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by John Wyatt Greenlee to dive into the surprising history of one slippery creature—the eel. Once a delicacy, currency, contraband, and even a spiritual symbol, this elusive fish finally gets its moment in the spotlight. You’ll never look at eels the same way again.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 1:49 - What is a cartographic historian? 4:15 - How did maps lead you to eels? 12:30 - Eels are everywhere! 13:49 - What is an eel? 21:35 - The mystery of eel reproduction 27:46 - Factors of eels becoming critically endangered 30:41 - The effect of eels being yucky 35:02 - Eels as a currency 47:16 - Fast food jellied eels 48:59 - Eels in identity: eels in family crests and cultural heritage 51:43 - From dissertation to publication 54:30 - An eel story 58:02 - Where do we go to see the eels?!?! 1:09:15 - Where you can find John   EPISODE LINKS: John Wyatt Greenlee - https://www.jwgreenlee.net/ Surprised Eel Mapping - https://surprisedeelmaps.com/ Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/greenleejw.bsky.social Eels - https://www.britannica.com/animal/eel Sargasso Sea - https://www.britannica.com/place/Sargasso-Sea Jellied Eels - https://youtu.be/sl0uZTzBTP8?si=yteJ2PFM-vLith9y Aristotle and eels - https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/27172/20200904/why-aristotle-freud-many-others-fascinated-european-eels.htm Hildegard of Bingen - https://www.historytoday.com/archive/natural-histories/sexual-eeling Henry Mayhew - https://theausteritykitchen.com/2009/10/09/from-costermonger-eel-pie-html/ Anglo-Dutch Wars - https://www.britannica.com/event/Anglo-Dutch-Wars Rachel Carson, Under the Sea Wind - https://archive.org/details/underseawind00rach;https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/under-the-sea-wind-rachel-carson/1100214057 Ely, England - https://www.visitely.org.uk/ Ely’s Eel Day - https://www.visitcambridge.org/event/elys-eel-day/    PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast   To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Louee Dessent to discuss his hit YouTube series Survive History. Taking the goal of making history relevant to another level, Dessent puts himself into the harrowing, life-threatening scenarios of history and asks: Could you survive? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 3:49 - Aspirations of Writing About History 4:49 - What is Survive History 6:04 - What Have You Learned? 9:10 - Engaging with Living History 11:28 - Lessons From Historical Reenactment 14:29 - Exploring Different Historical Eras 16:18 - Why Youtube? 18:09 - How is Survive History’s Audience 24:50 - Which Era Was The Toughest and Most Resilient? 27:37 - Louee’s Favorite Episode of Survive History 30:25 - Modern Things In Ancient Eras 33:24 - Making History Relevant Today 35:38 - Navigating Dark Histories: Humor and Reflection 41:23 - Myths in History: Unpacking the Truth 45:01 - Lessons From History: Perspectives on Modern Challenges 46:55 - Historical Sites to Visit EPISODE LINKS: Louee Dessent - https://loueedessent.com/ Survive History - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcPAwKB9syU; https://www.youtube.com/@survivehistory History Hit - https://www.youtube.com/@HistoryHit English Civil Wars - https://www.britannica.com/event/English-Civil-Wars Episode 3 of Survive History - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1O580B086FU Viking Settlers - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXpbTLkU4jA Roman Special Forces - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWhlOAvsdN0 Pliny the Younger - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pliny-the-Younger Tom Plunket - https://www.dukeofwellington.org/post/the-plunkett-shot WWI Cavalry - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evhtpgO7rbM Bath, UK - https://visitbath.co.uk/inspire-me/about-bath/history-and-heritage Battle of Edington - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Edington Battle of Lansdown Hill - https://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=21 Battle of Hastings - https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Hastings Richard III Discovery - https://le.ac.uk/richard-iii Battle of Bosworth Field - https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Bosworth-Field   PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Elizabeth Reese to discuss the 1824-1825 visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States. The last surviving general of the Revolutionary War, Lafayette brought together a divided nation as a universally beloved hero of America. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 2:13 - Who was Lafayette? 5:45 - Lafayette’s Early Life and Motivation 11:02 - Lafayette’s Relationship with George Washington 14:43 - Lafayette’s Influence and Legacy 19:30 - Lafayette’s Return to America in 1824 23:36 - Political Context of Lafayette’s Return 30:31 - Lafayette’s Relationship with James Monroe 32:29 - The Emotional Bonds of Imprisonment 33:20 - Navigating the French Revolution 35:48 - Lafayette’s Celebrity Status in America 40:15 - Connections with Historical Figures 42:01 - Lafayette’s Visits and Emotional Closure 44:41 - Recognition of Enslaved Individuals 53:20 - Portrayals of Lafayette in the Media 57:30 - Personal Connections to Lafayette's Legacy EPISODE LINKS: Elizabeth Reese - https://www.elizabethmreese.comMarquis de Lafayette Returns: A Tour of America’s National Capital Region - https://bookshop.org/p/books/marquis-de-lafayette-returns-a-tour-of-america-s-national-capital-region-elizabeth-reese/20547715?ean=9781467155878&next=t Woodlawn Pope-Leighey House - https://www.woodlawnpopeleighey.org Marquis de Lafayette - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marquis-de-Lafayette Battle of Minden - https://www.royalhampshireregiment.org/about-the-museum/timeline/battle-of-minden/ Charles Cornwallis - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Cornwallis-1st-Marquess-and-2nd-Earl-Cornwallis Adrienne de Noailles - https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lafayette-marie-adrienne-de-1760-1807 Lafayette’s 1824-1825 U.S. Tour - https://www.amrevmuseum.org/the-marquis-de-lafayette-s-1824-1825-united-states-tour French Revolution - https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/french-revolution/ Auguste Levasseur - https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/51473 Lafayette’s grave - https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/a-tale-of-two-revolutions-in-paris Cassandra Good - https://youtu.be/ScJsZm-MAcA?feature=shared The Washington Family - https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/family Slavery at Mount Vernon - https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/slavery James Armistead Lafayette - https://virginiahistory.org/learn/james-fayette-revolutionary-spy Israel Gillette Jefferson - https://gettingword.monticello.org/people/israel-gillette-jefferson/ Franklin miniseries Lafayette - https://screenrant.com/what-happened-to-gilbert-marquis-de-lafayette-franklin/ 2025 Lafayette Anniversary events - https://lafayette200.org   PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Surekha Davies to explore the history of humanity through the study of monsters. Created by humans to explain their world and each other for centuries, monsters not only tell a story of human history, but they offer a glimpse into our future as well.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 10:29 - Boundaries of Humanity and Otherness 22:47 - The Role of Women in Monstrosity 26:15 - The Impact of Imagination on Reproduction 32:08 - Empathy and the Nature of Humanity 36:44 - The Evolution of Terrorism and Identity 40:28 - Storytelling and Empathy in Human Behavior 43:16 - Gender, Identity, and the Human Experience 45:48 - The Line Between Humans and Animals 50:53 - The Significance of the Book Cover Design 56:52 - Mostrophuturism: A New Perspective on Identity EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Surekha Davies – https://www.surekhadavies.org/ Humans: A Monstrous History – https://www.ucpress.edu/books/humans/hardcover Renaissance Ethnography and the Invention of the Human - https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/renaissance-ethnography-and-the-invention-of-the-human/231E1484C8DCCD3568D27C1FA87FBF38 “Preparing for Discovery: A Rational Approach to the Impact of Finding Microbial, Complex or Intelligent Life Beyond Earth” (2:48:44) - https://www.loc.gov/item/2021689520/ Jamaica Slave Code - https://slaverylawpower.org/nhprc-sample-documents/jamaica-slave-code-governing/ The First Blast of the Trumpet against the monstrous regiment of Women by John Knox - https://www.gutenberg.org/files/9660/9660-h/9660-h.htm René Descartes - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes/ Burning of the U.S. Capitol - https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/on-this-day-the-british-set-fire-to-washington-d-c#:~:text=The%20British%20troops%20set%20fire,out%20at%20the%20White%20House.) Man, The Gorilla, and The Bear, 1860 - https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/work-of-art/man-the-gorilla-and-the-bear Split-brain behavioral experiments - https://youtu.be/ZMLzP1VCANo?si=o472DeIZ2yBBA-yz   PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Innovation Historian Jason Voiovich to explore how many of today’s iconic products, entertainment, and cultural heroes trace their origins to the Great Depression. This era once again demonstrates that hardship often paves the road to innovation.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 1:12 - The Role of a Fractional Chief Officer 3:54 - Understanding Innovations Throughout History 6:07 - The Difference Between History and Memory 6:42 - What is Jason’s Book About, How Jason Tells Stories Differently, and How The Great Depression Was A Time of Innovation 12:14 - When Was The Great Depression and Why Was it “Great”? 18:58 - The Psychological Impacts of the Great Depression 20:32 - The Psychological Impacts of the Great Depression 20:32 - The Refrigerator: A Symbol of Change 27:28 - Lessons from The Great Depression 32:09 - The Impact of Change on Innovation and Embracing Innovation in Difficult times 36:53 - Photography as a Means of Immortality and The Impact of Color in Visual Storytelling 45:10 - Documenting History: The Role of Photography in The Great Depression 48:47 - The Surprising Origins of Monopoly 01:01:23 - Exploring Diverse Topics In Innovation History   EPISODE LINKS: Jason Voiovich - https://jasontvoiovich.com/ Substack - https://innovationhistory.substack.com/p/rededicating-innovation-history?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web Bullfrogs, Bingo, and the Little House on the Prairie: How Innovators of the Great Depression Made the Best of the Worst of Times - TBD Great Depression - https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Depression Scarface and the Untouchable - https://www.harpercollins.com/products/scarface-and-the-untouchable-max-allan-collinsa-brad-schwartz?variant=32207533146146 Florida Land Boom - https://tampabayhistorycenter.org/exhibit/sharps-marks-in-paradise-selling-florida-in-the-1920s/ Dust Bowl - https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/great-depression-and-world-war-ii-1929-1945/dust-bowl/ The Grapes of Wrath - https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Grapes-of-Wrath Rahm Emanuel - https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/e000287 Snow White - https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/snow-white-radio Monopoly - https://www.britannica.com/sports/Monopoly-board-game Lizzie Magie - https://blogs.bl.uk/business/2023/03/lizzie-magie-and-the-history-of-monopoly-1.html Charles Darrow - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-B-Darrow Father Coughlin - https://exhibitions.ushmm.org/americans-and-the-holocaust/personal-story/charles-coughlin   PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Megan Kate Nelson to explore the history of Yellowstone, America’s first national park, and its pivotal role in shaping the nation’s identity in the aftermath of a brutal civil war. As the country’s vision expanded westward, however, not everyone was included in the new national narrative.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 2:13 - What First Interested In Yellowstone? 8:27 - Understanding Reconstruction and It’s Impacts 14:55 - Federal Power and The Creations of National Parks 23:31 - Settler Colonialism and Transformation of the West 29:25 - Visual Culture and The Creation of the West 32:32 - The Role of Photography in Documenting Yellowstone 40:58 - The Yellowstone Act: Establishing AMerican’s First National Park 44:12 - The Unique Geology and Identity of America 48:16 - The Foundations of American Exceptionalism 50:54 - The Exclusion of Indigenous and Minority Voices 52:57 - Renaming and Recognizing Indigenous Histories 57:41 - The Importance of Context in Historical narratives 59:05 - Narrative History: Bridging the Past and Present   EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Megan Kate Nelson – http://www.megankatenelson.com Saving Yellowstone – https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Saving-Yellowstone/Megan-Kate-Nelson/9781982141356 The Great Courses – Stories of America’s National Parks – https://www.thegreatcourses.com/professors/megan-kate-nelson The Three-Cornered War – https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Three-Cornered-War/Megan-Kate-Nelson/9781501152559 Ferdinand Hayden – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-Vandiveer-Hayden Yellowstone National Park – https://www.nps.gov/yell/index.htm Grand Teton National Park – https://www.nps.gov/grte/index.htm Glacier National Park – https://www.nps.gov/glac/index.htm Reconstruction – https://www.britannica.com/event/Reconstruction-United-States-history Yellowstone Act (1872) – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/act-establishing-yellowstone-national-park Sitting Bull – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sitting-Bull Battle of the Rosebud – https://fwp.mt.gov/stateparks/rosebud-battlefield/ Battle of Little Bighorn – https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Little-Bighorn Homestead Act (1862) – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/homestead-act#:~:text=The%20Homestead%20Act%2C%20enacted%20during,plot%20by%20cultivating%20the%20land. Pacific Railway Act (1862) – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/pacific-railway-act Continental Reckoning: The American West in the Age of Expansion by Elliott West – https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska/9781496233585/continental-reckoning/ Thomas Moran – https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1730.html William Henry Jackson – https://www.nps.gov/people/william-henry-jackson.htm Jackson’s Photos – https://www.nps.gov/features/yell/slidefile/history/jacksonphotos/page.htm Jupiter Terrace – https://spencerart.ku.edu/art/collections-online/object/45207 Crimes against Nature: Squatters, Poachers, Thieves, and the Hidden History of American Conservation by Karl Jacoby – https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt629020bd&brand=ucpress “The Scientist Turned Spy” with Dr. Patrick Spero – https://youtu.be/1YOyU11e8K8?si=wv58qKQboF2246Ry Mammoth Cave of Kentucky – https://www.nps.gov/maca/index.htm Mesa Verde National Park – https://www.nps.gov/meve/planyourvisit/index.htm     PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast   To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Mills Kelly to explore the origins of the Appalachian Trail, the lives it touched, and a long-forgotten section in Virginia. While the trail invited people into the wilderness, it also fostered connections among them. As one poet aptly put it, "In the mountains, the mind becomes the heart." Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 3:21 - The Appalachian Trail: A Historical Overview 6:39 - Benton MacKaye's Vision for the Trail 10:08 - The Challenges of Trail Development 15:01 - The Route Through Southwestern Virginia 22:19 - The Controversial Trail Leader 25:24 - Land Ownership and Trail Access 28:54 - Cultural Exchange and Hiker Hospitality 32:06 - Economic Impact of the Appalachian Trail 36:27 - Visualizing the Appalachian Trail 41:04 - The Evolution of the Trail 43:27 - Personal Connections and Community 47:38 - The Friends You Make Along the Way 54:40 - Bridging Political Divides through Shared Experiences EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Mills Kelly: https://millskelly.net Virginia’s Lost Appalachian Trail: https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/products/9781467153393/?queryID=574fdb827000a9ce82f22687c79d8374&objectID=9781467153393&insightsIndex=arcadia-publishing_products Virginia’s Lost AT: https://virginiaslostat.org/ The Green Tunnel: https://www.r2studios.org/show/the-green-tunnel/ Franklin County, Virginia: https://franklincountyvahistoricalsociety.org The Long Trail, Vermont: https://www.greenmountainclub.org/the-long-trail/ Benton MacKaye: https://appalachiantrailhistory.org/exhibits/show/builders/bmackaye Shirley Center, MA: https://shirleyhistory.org/about/shirley-center/ Betty MacKaye: https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/d/1008297941 Myron Avery: https://appalachiantrailhistory.org/exhibits/show/builders/mavery Smokey Mountain Diner: https://visitmadisoncounty.com/smoky-mountain-diner/ Fries, Virginia: https://musicofourmountains.com/fries-and-the-washington-mill/ Floyd, Virginia: https://www.floydcova.gov/history Shenandoah National Park: https://www.snptrust.org/about-us/mission-history/shenandoah-history/ Pacific Crest Trail: https://www.pcta.org/about-us/history/ Washington and Jefferson National Forests: https://www.virginia.org/things-to-do/outdoors/national-forests-and-recreation-areas/george-washington-and-jefferson-national-forests/ Iron Mountain Trail: https://www.hikingproject.com/trail/7033608/iron-mountain-trail Lake View Restaurant: https://lakeview.top Franklin County, Virginia: https://www.franklincountyva.gov/575/History-of-Franklin-County New River: https://dwr.virginia.gov/waterbody/new-river/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by John G. Turner and Lincoln A. Mullen, creators of the new podcast “Antisemitism U.S.A.,” to explore the history of antisemitism in the United States. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 1:38 - How Did the Podcast Come to Be? 6:08 - Why Do You Think The History of Antisemitism Has Been Overlooked?  11:52 - What Was It Like for Aaron Lopez? 17:22 - What is Antisemitism? 22:46 - What Is The Discrimination Based on? 28:37 - How Did Antisemitism Shift in the 20th Century? 30:52 - Did Jewish Immigration Play a Role In the Evolution of Antisemism? 35:44 - How Did Public Morality Influence Religious Toleration? 53:51 - What Led To The Changes That Brought Rights to the Jewish People? 58:57 - What Impact Do You Want Your Podcast to Have? 1:07:05 - Outro EPISODE LINKS: Antisemitism U.S.A. podcast – https://www.r2studios.org/show/Antisemitism-USA/ Dr. John Turner – https://religiousstudies.gmu.edu/people/jturne17 Dr. Lincoln Mullen – https://lincolnmullen.com George Mason University – https://www.gmu.edu R2 Studios – https://www.r2studios.org 1619 Project – https://pulitzercenter.org/sites/default/files/full_issue_of_the_1619_project.pdf Virginia Declaration of Rights – https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/virginia-declaration-of-rights Aaron Lopez – https://www.jewishpress.com/sections/features/features-on-jewish-world/jacob-rivera-aaron-lopez-and-isaac-hart-three-leading-jewish-merchants-in-colonial-america/2023/02/15/ David Sorkin, “Jewish Emancipation: A History across Five Centuries” – https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691164946/jewish-emancipation?srsltid=AfmBOopqCx_mdBC0C72N-z7KCR5hDnsWNDxoe3fMKkbLOqtlaCKoJFRt Zionism – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zionism International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance - https://holocaustremembrance.com Mark Oppenheimer, “Squirrel Hill: The Tree of Life Synagogue Shooting and the Soul of a Neighborhood” – https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/611023/squirrel-hill-by-mark-oppenheimer/ Henry Ford – https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/henryford-antisemitism/ Race Science – https://library.harvard.edu/confronting-anti-black-racism/scientific-racism Prohibition – https://www.britannica.com/event/Prohibition-United-States-history-1920-1933 Dwight D. Eisenhower, “In other words, our form of government has no sense unless it is founded in a deeply felt religious faith, and I don't care what it is." – https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/eisenhowers/quotes Bolshevism – https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095516209 Jacob Henry – https://www.dncr.nc.gov/blog/2023/12/08/jacob-henry-ca-1775-1847-c-83 Britt Tevis – https://www.britttevis.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Barbara Vorndick to explore the life of Eliza Monroe and the story that has been told about her for two-hundred years—and why it is false. Now the push is on to bring James Monroe’s daughter home. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 1:39 - Why Barbara Started The Biography 7:12 - Who Was President James Monroe? 13:25 - Eliza Monroe's Education and Early Life 19:20 - Eliza the Nurse 23:00 - Eliza the First Lady Daughter 26:20 - Eliza the Firecracker 30:30 - The Primary Sources That Fueled The Research 33:14 - The Sea Voyage to France 42:48 - Whodunnit 51:12 - Did Eliza Get a Proper Funeral? 55:08 - Breaking News - Where Are We Now? 58:35 - How Can We Help Bring Eliza Home? EPISODE LINKS: Eliza’s True. Story: The First Biography of President Monroe’s Eldest Daughter - https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/elizas-true-story-barbara-vorndick/1145846740 Bringing Eliza Home - https://hffi.org/bringing-eliza-home/ The Bringing Eliza Home Project (Facebook) – https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61558069665312 Donate - https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=DNXN2KMNKVGHG Eliza Monroe - https://www.whitehousehistory.org/bios/elizabeth-monroe James Monroe - https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Monroe James Monroe’s Highland - https://highland.org Louisiana Purchase – https://www.britannica.com/event/Louisiana-Purchase Monroe Doctrine – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/monroe-doctrine Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Genest Campan - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jeanne-Louise-Henriette-Genest-Campan Caroline Bonaparte – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caroline-Bonaparte Hortense de Beauharnais – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hortense Elizabeth Kortright Monroe - https://www.whitehousehistory.org/bios/elizabeth-monroe George Hay - https://www.fjc.gov/node/1381966 Margaret Bayard Smith – https://www.loc.gov/collections/margaret-bayard-smith-papers/about-this-collection/ Frances Depau (ship) - https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c80k2cvw/entire_text/ Maria Hester Monroe - https://jmonroe3d.umwhistory.org/exhibit/maria-hester-monroe-gouverneur/ Samuel Laurence Gouverneur - https://archives.nypl.org/mss/1187 Daniel Brent – https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/brent-daniel-carroll James Monroe Museum and Memorial Library - https://jamesmonroemuseum.umw.edu James Monroe Memorial Foundation - https://monroefoundation.org Found and Sons Funeral Chapel - https://www.foundandsons.com/locations/found-and-sons-funeral-chapel-of-fredericksburg PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Philip Thompson to discuss the history of espionage and the psychological motivations behind becoming an international spy. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Coming Up 1:09 - Introductions 3:48 - The M.I.C.E. Framework: Understanding Spy Motivations 7:21 - The Background of Spies: Who Becomes a Spy? 10:05 - Psychological Factors in Espionage 13:15 - Ideology vs. Money: The Dual Motivations of Spies 24:56 -Case Studies: The Rosenbergs and Their Impact 28:42 - Case Studies: George Blake and the Consequence of Compromise 32:23 - The Complexity of Coercion in Espionage 42:46 - The Role of Women in Espionage History 47:49 - Ego as a Motivating Factor in Spying 52:00 - Case Studies: Edward Snowden, Noble Convictions or Ego? 57:36 - Evolution of Espionage Frameworks 1:01:20 -The Intersection of Fiction and Reality in Spy Culture 1:04:38 - Understanding M.I.C.E. in Personal Life 01:06:21 - Historical Sites to Visit EPISODE LINKS: Philip Thompson YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@PhilipThompson Project Slammer - https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP87-00812R000200070011-7.pdf Aldrich Ames - https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/aldrich-ames John Walker - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Walker-American-spy The Cambridge Spies - https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/spies_cambridge.shtml Anthony Blunt - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anthony-Blunt J. Edgar Hoover - https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-Edgar-Hoover Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/11/russian-spies-britain-oleg-gordievsky Julius and Ethel Rosenberg - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Rosenberg-and-Ethel-Rosenberg David Greenglass - https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/david-greenglass/ George Blake - https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Blake-British-diplomat-and-Soviet-spy 2C4H Lavender Scare - https://youtu.be/PjXYDJW5LF8?si=MUqlIZOke0-17yiq Alan Turing - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alan-Turing Mata Hari - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mata-Hari-Dutch-dancer-and-spy Special Operations Executive (SOE) Women Spies - https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Female-Spies-Of-SOE/ Virginia Hall - https://beta.nationalarchives.gov.uk/explore-the-collection/stories/virginia-hall/ Robert Hanssen - https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/robert-hanssen Edward Snowden - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Snowden RASCLS - https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-1/an-alternative-framework-for-agent-recruitment-from-mice-to-rascls/ Jonathan Pollard - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jonathan-Pollard International Spy Museum - https://www.spymuseum.org/ Burlington Bunker - https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/burlington-bunker PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Jane E. Calvert to discuss the lesser known and under appreciated founder John Dickinson. Find out why Dickinson should be placed alongside the names Washington, Adams, and Jefferson in U.S. history books. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Sneak Peak/Introductions 2:22 - Why John Dickinson? 5:48 - Who Was John Dickinson 9:24 - How Prolific Was He? 22:46 - The Role of Ordinary People in the Revolution 29:15 - Dickinson’s Pen Name and Its Implications 41:24 - Drafting The Articles of Confederation 43:52 - A Man Who Had His Hand In Everything 45:19 - The One Person Who Brought The United States Into Being 53:29 - Dickinson’s Later Years and Legacy 58:39 - Where to Find Jane? 1:01:46 - Dickinson Sites To Visit EPISODE LINKS: Jane E. Calvert, PhD – https://www.drjaneecalvert.org Penman of the Founding – A Biography of John Dickinson - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/penman-of-the-founding-9780197541692?cc=us&lang=en&  The John Dickinson Writings Project - https://www.jdproject.org Quakers - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Society-of-Friends Stamp Act – https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/stamp-act-1765 Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania - https://history.delaware.gov/john-dickinson-plantation/dickinsonletters/pennsylvania-farmer-letters/ Religion and the American Revolution - https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel03.html#:~:text=Religion%20played%20a%20major%20role,in%20the%20sight%20of%20God. John Dickinson, Conservative Revolutionary - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-american-studies/article/abs/milton-e-flower-john-dickinson-conservative-revolutionary-charlottesville-virginia-the-univ-press-of-virginia-for-the-friends-of-the-john-dickinson-mansion-1983-2750-pp-xii-338/597B92DD95F124DAB8EBB9DBD25EF68B The Cost of Liberty: The Life of John Dickinson - https://www.regnery.com/9781684515479/cost-of-liberty/ Edmund Burke - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edmund-Burke-British-philosopher-and-statesman John Adams - https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/John-Adams/David-McCullough/9780743223133 The Whig Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party Benjamin Lay - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/quaker-comet-greatest-abolitionist-never-heard-180964401/ John Woolman - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Woolman Mary Norris Dickinson - https://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2011/05/mary-norris-dickinson.html John Dickinson Plantation - https://www.nps.gov/frst/planyourvisit/john-dickinson-plantation.htm  Stenton - https://www.stenton.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

We have had a particularly cursed month over at 2C4H. In order to do right by our guests and audience we are sharing a historical ghost story as we work to finish some of the episodes that have had some really unfortunate technical difficulties. Thanks for all the support and understanding! Links: John A. Lomax Bio - https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200196225 Archive of American Folk-Song - https://www.loc.gov/collections/john-a-lomax-and-alan-lomax-papers/about-this-collection/ Lomax’s works and legacy - https://acousticmusic.org/research/history/musical-styles-and-venues-in-america/john-and-alan-lomax/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Kathleen DuVal to discuss the history of Native Americans over a millennium. Dr. DuVal reveals history from natives’ perspectives, turning the well-known eurocentric view of world history on its head. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 1:25 - What Made You Decide to Take On Such a Large Timeline? 4:14 - Where Do You Start? 8:46 - Navigating The Correct Terminology 11:56 - What Was America Like in 1006? 15:03 - Major Differences? Animal husbandry?  16:18 - The Fallacy of European Advancement 18:01 - How Much Of This Work Overlapped with Archeology? 22:12 - Did Anything from the Pre-contact Period Change Your Perception of the Time? 25:21 - Anything From The Recent Centuries that Surprised You? 29:06 - How Did This Penetrate West Into The Continent 32:44 - The Historiography of Native History  35:55 - The Native Perspective On Their History 38:11 - The Importance of Telling These Stories 39:17 - Who Belongs: Race vs Citizenship 41:38 - Lynn’s Favorite Quote From the Book 44:45 - How Do You Deal With History That Isn’t What You Wished It to Be? 49:35 - Was Your Goal to Get People to Empathize? 53:39 - Historical (Web)Sites You Should Visit 56:07 - TV Shows & Films That Are Good Representations 57:23 - Where You Can Find Kathleen DuVal EPISODE LINKS: Kathleen DuVal – https://history.unc.edu/faculty-members/kathleen-duval/; https://kathleenduval.web.unc.edu Native Nations: A Millennium in North America - https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/575441/native-nations-by-kathleen-duval/# 1006 Supernova - https://www.nasa.gov/universe/supernova-remnant-sn-1006/ Medieval Warm Period - https://www.britannica.com/science/medieval-warm-period Moundville Archeology – https://moundville.museums.ua.edu Cherokee History – https://www.cherokee.org Mohawk History – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mohawk Colonialism – https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/ Blood Quantum - https://nativegov.org/resources/blood-quantum-and-sovereignty-a-guide/ Settler Colonialism – https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/settler_colonialism#:~:text=The%20concept%20of%20settler%20colonialism,with%20a%20new%20settler%20population. Ruth Muskrat - https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/articles/read-a-speech-by-a-native-american-activist-from-the-early-1920s/ Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote – https://uncpress.org/book/9781469643663/crafting-an-indigenous-nation/ Reservation Dogs - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13623580/ Rutherford Falls - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11058054/ Resident Alien - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8690918/ Kathleen DuVal on X (formerly Twitter) - @KathleenADuVal PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Patrick Spero to discuss an obscure French scientist who became a spy in the newly formed United States. Who was Andres Michaux? And how did Thomas Jefferson participate in the conspiracy that history forgot? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 4:08 - The Document That Inspired The Book 7:45 - Who was André Michaux 13:16 - André Michaux In America 16:28- André Michaux’s Most Daring Expedition 18:41- André Michaux’s Transforming Places Around The World 19:45 - André Michaux’s Setting His Sights West 21:23 - What Was The Pitching Process Like? 26:17 - A Bad Start 28:15 - The Policy Towards France and His Impact 31:54 - Did Anyone Else Know What He was Doing? 34:21 - Did Jefferson Know and What Happens Next? 37:56 - Are They Successful? 43:26 - How Does This Saga End?  47:17 - The Modern Day Conspiracy 48:46 - Did This Book Change Your Perspective on the Era? 51:09 - Where You Can Find Patrick  EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Patrick Spero – http://www.patrickspero.com Scientist Turned Spy: André Michaux, Thomas Jefferson, and the Conspiracy of 1793 - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/10032/ American Philosophical Society - https://www.amphilsoc.org/user/35 Andres Michaux Subscription List - https://www.amphilsoc.org/item-detail/michaux-expedition-subscription-list-0 Lewis and Clark Expedition - https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/lewis-clark Michaux Botanical Garden, South Carolina - http://www.tipton-haynes.org/research/history/andre-michaux/ Michaux Botanical Garden, New Jersey - https://graphicarts.princeton.edu/2021/02/03/north-american-sylva-and-the-lost-garden-of-new-jersey/ North American journeys - https://www.michaux.org/journey.htm Michaux in Canada - https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/michaux_andre_5E.html John Bartram - https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-Philosophical-Society William Bartram - https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/william-bartram/ Benjamin Smith Barton - https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/biography/benjamin-smith-barton/ David Rittenhouse - https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Rittenhouse Caspar Wistar - https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/biography/caspar-wistar/ Benjamin Rush - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Rush Edmond Genet - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edmond-Charles-Genet Citizen Genet Affair - https://www.britannica.com/event/Citizen-Genet-Affair French Revolution - https://www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution Monticello - https://www.monticello.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Lindsay Chervinsky to examine John Adams’ presidency and the peaceful transfer of power in the nascent United States. How has Adams’ legacy echoed through successive presidential administrations? And how did Adams secure the survival of the republic? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 1:51 - Why Adams? 4:48 - What Do We Need to Know About Adams? 14:43 - How Did People React to Adams Winning the Election? 17:25 - Was Jefferson’s Election as Important? 20:31 - What Did Adams Do During His Presidency? 27:22 - Was Adams a Moderate? 30:42 - What We Remember About Adams’ Presidency 38:29 - Adams vs the Press 43:36 - How Did people Feel About Adams After His First Term?  46:26 - The Complexity of the Contested Election of 1800 52:21 - How Did the Second Election Go?  55:54 - Reflecting on January 6th and Peaceful Transfers of Power 1:02:52 - Where Can You Find Lindsay EPISODE LINKS: Lindsay M. Chervinsky - https://www.lindsaychervinsky.com Making the Presidency - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/making-the-presidency-9780197653845?cc=us&lang=en& Dr. Chervinsky’s newsletter - https://perfectunion.substack.com The George Washington Presidential Library - https://www.mountvernon.org/library George Washington’s Mount Vernon - https://www.mountvernon.org Abigail Adams - https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/abigail-adams Thomas Hobbs - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hobbes Franklin miniseries - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt18351584/ John Jay - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jay “I am fairly out and you fairly in!” - https://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=L17970305ja Democratic-Republican Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party Federalist Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party Thomas Jefferson - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson Election of 1800 - https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/election-of-1800.html Alien and Sedition Acts - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/alien-and-sedition-acts#:~:text=Passed%20in%20preparation%20for%20an,brink%20of%20war%20with%20France. George H.W. Bush - https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-H-W-Bush Noah Webster - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Noah-Webster-American-lexicographer James A. Bayard -https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000249 Samuel Smith - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Smith PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices