In this episode, tinalakay nina Russel at Lennon ang pilosopiya ng pagsisinungaling: lagi bang masama ang pagsisinungaling? Dito sa Part I ng Usapang Kasinungalingan, susuriin natin ang mga pananaw ng iba't ibang pilosopo tulad nina Immanuel Kant, Saint Thomas Aquinas, at Socrates. We see na ang kasinungalingan ay may iba't ibang anyo at hindi lahat ng kasinungalingan ay pantay-pantay sa kanilang moral value. Ang katotohanan at ang mga epekto ng pagsisinungaling sa kaluluwa at sa lipunan ay ang sentro ng Usapan natin in this episode.
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Takeaways
- Lying is not just saying something false, but with intent to deceive.
- Kant believes that lying is always wrong, regardless of the situation.
- Aquinas classifies lies into different categories based on their intent and impact.
- Socrates emphasizes that lying corrupts the soul and detaches a person from reality.
- The end does not justify the means in moral philosophy.
- Truth without love can lead to cruelty.
- Moral integrity is about controlling one's own actions, not the consequences.
- Not all lies are equal; some may be more harmful than others.
- Philosophical discussions on lying can help us reflect on our daily choices.
- Understanding the implications of lying is crucial in today's society.
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Sa episode natin this time, Lennon and Russel discuss the current AI situation: ang laganap na "AI slop" or sloppification ng internet na nagpapababa ng quality ng content online. This lead some to believe in what is now called the "Dead Internet Theory" or the "Enshittification" of the internet. Problema pa dyaan ay ang epekto ng AI sa education, critical thinking, art, religion, medicine, etc... everything that makes us human. How should we use AI then? Matatakasan ba natin ang AI? Inherent ba ang evil niya o baka naman isa lang siyang tool that can be used either for the good or for evil? Tara, usapang AI tayo!
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In this grand finale of our Vatican II mini-series, Lennon and Russel take us beyond the aula of St. Peter’s Basilica into the tumultuous decades that followed the Council.
From the birth of new missionary zeal to the heartbreak of schism, this episode traces the Church’s struggle to live the Council’s vision in a world still learning what “renewal” really means.
We revisit the Consilium and the liturgical reforms, the 1985 Extraordinary Synod, the postconciliar popes—before diving into the deep theological debates about rupture vs. continuity that still shape the Church today.
This episode asks: What did Vatican II really change? And what has remained unshaken?
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In this episode of Tamang Usapan – usapang may tama, Lennon and Russel explore the final constitution of Vatican II: Gaudium et Spes. From its dramatic origins in the rejected Schema 13, to its bold proclamation that “the joys and hopes, the griefs and anxieties of the people of this age are the joys and hopes of the followers of Christ” (§1), we unpack how the Church sees herself in dialogue with the modern world.
We dive into themes of human dignity, conscience, solidarity, subsidiarity, culture, marriage and family, politics, economics, and peace—drawing on the contributions of Rahner, de Lubac, Congar, and others. We also examine the postconciliar controversies, including Liberation Theology and the corrective role of John Paul II and Joseph Ratzinger.
Is Gaudium et Spes still relevant today in a world of climate change, war, and inequality? Join the conversation and find out.
Key Topics Covered
The rejection of Schema 13 and how it shaped Gaudium et Spes
Historical context: Cold War, communism, capitalism, nuclear threat
Key personalities: Suenens, Ottaviani, Rahner, de Lubac, Congar
Catholic Social Teaching: solidarity and subsidiarity
Human dignity and conscience (§12, §16)
Culture and human progress (§53)
Marriage and family as covenant (§48)
Peace and the condemnation of nuclear war (§80)
The postconciliar excesses of Liberation Theology
John Paul II and Ratzinger’s corrections (Dominus Iesus)
Relevance of GS today
Recommended Readings
Vatican II, Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World), 1965 → Vatican.va text
Henri de Lubac, Catholicism: Christ and the Common Destiny of Man
Yves Congar, True and False Reform in the Church
Karl Rahner, Foundations of Christian Faith
John Paul II, Centesimus Annus (1991) – on solidarity and subsidiarity
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Dominus Iesus (2000)
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Sa episode na ito ng ating Vatican II miniseries, sasamahan tayo ni Fra. Robert Francis Mª Ducado, OSM to dive deep into one of the most important documents of the Council: Lumen Gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church.
Kung noong Sacrosanctum Concilium ay tungkol sa liturgy at sa Dei Verbum ay sa Divine Revelation, dito naman makikita natin kung paano inilarawan ng Vatican II ang mismong identity ng Simbahan. From the heated debates in the aula of St. Peter’s Basilica—Cardinal Ottaviani thundering about authority, Cardinal Suenens calling for a vision of the People of God, Bishop De Smedt pleading for humility—to the dramatic vote on whether Mary should have her own schema, Lumen Gentium was born in fire.
Recommended Readings
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church) – Full text at Vatican website
Karl Rahner, The Church and the Sacraments
Yves Congar, True and False Reform in the Church
Joseph Ratzinger, Theological Highlights of Vatican II
John Paul II, Redemptoris Missio (esp. §§9–12)
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Dominus Iesus (2000)
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In this episode, Lennon and Russel explore Dei Verbum—the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation of Vatican II. We dive into the dramatic debates behind the document, the rejection of the first draft (De Fontibus Revelationis), and how John XXIII’s intervention reshaped the Council’s approach to Scripture and Tradition.
We then break down the Constitution chapter by chapter—revelation itself, the transmission of the Word, inspiration and inerrancy, the Old and New Testaments, and Scripture in the life of the Church. Finally, we look at its reception: the dangers of extreme approaches (historical-critical reductionism vs. fundamentalism), and the renewal offered by Pope Benedict XVI’s Verbum Domini.
Recommended Readings
Dei Verbum (Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation), Vatican II (1965).
John W. O’Malley, What Happened at Vatican II (2008).
Joseph Ratzinger (Benedict XVI), Verbum Domini (2010).
Raymond E. Brown, Introduction to the New Testament.
Scott Hahn, A Father Who Keeps His Promises.
Fr. Lennon mentions an article he wrote as response to Cardinal Cupich's essay on Tradition vs. Traditionalism, you can read it here.
Recommended Videos to watch after this episode:
Bishop Barron – 60th Anniversary of Dei Verbum (Word on Fire)
Theologians in Conversation: Henri Gagey & Tom O’Loughlin on Vatican II
Mgr Yvan Mathieu – Vatican II: Dei Verbum
Takeaway
Dei Verbum reminds us that the Bible is not just a book, but God’s living Word transmitted in Scripture and Tradition. For Catholics, to read the Bible is to encounter Christ Himself. As Pope Benedict XVI said, if we rediscover lectio divina, the Church will experience a new springtime of faith.
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Lennon and Russel are joined by Doc Luke and together they dive into the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium — ang unang dokumentong na-approve ng Vatican II.
We trace the story from the Liturgical Movement bago pa ang Council, the debates inside the aula, at bakit napakahalaga ng liturgy sa pananampalatayang Katoliko. Step by step, dadaanan natin ang bawat chapter ng dokumento: mula sa theology ng liturgy, paggamit ng Latin at vernacular, actuosa participatio (full and active participation), hanggang sa Gregorian chant, sacred art, at inculturation.
Pero hindi lang puro idealism — kasama rin ang mga controversies: Archbishop Lefebvre’s later opposition, ang liturgical abuses of the 70s and 80s, at ang mga misteryosong alegasyon laban kay Archbishop Bugnini tungkol sa Freemasonry… at ang pananahimik ng Vatican tungkol dito.
Finally, we reflect on why SC still matters today: sa gitna ng debates tungkol sa liturgy, paano natin mababalanse ang “hermeneutic of continuity” ni Benedict XVI at ang mga pangangailangan ng modernong simbahan?
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Recommended readings:
Paul VI, Sacrosanctum Concilium
Pius XII, Mediator Dei (1947)
Joseph Ratzinger, The Spirit of the Liturgy
Aidan Nichols, Conciliar Octet: A Concise Commentary on the Eight Key Texts of the Second Vatican Council---
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“Bakit ba big deal ang Vatican II?” Yan ang tanong na sasagutin natin sa unang episode ng ating mini-series tungkol sa Second Vatican Council.
Sa episode na ito, sina Lennon at Russel ay magdadala sa atin sa isang kwento ng sorpresa, debate, at pagbabago:
📅 Paano nga ba nagsimula ang ideya ni Pope John XXIII noong 1959?
🏛️ Ano ang nangyari sa apat na sesyon ng Konsilyo (1962–1965)?
⚖️ Sino ang mga pangunahing personalidad: mula kina Cardinal Ottaviani at ang Coetus Internationalis Patrum, hanggang kina Karl Rahner, Yves Congar, Henri de Lubac, Joseph Ratzinger, Cardinal Suenens, at Dom Hélder Câmara?
🤔 Ano ang mga behind-the-scenes moments—mga pulong sa hotels, tensyon sa aula, at kung paanong ang media ay naging “ikalimang sesyon” ng Konsilyo?
🙌 At paano tinanggap ng ordinaryong Katoliko ang mga pagbabago, tulad ng paggamit ng vernacular sa Misa?
Makikita natin na ang Vatican II ay hindi lang boring na meeting ng mga obispo—ito’y isang drama ng Espiritu Santo, puno ng tensyon, panalangin, at pananabik para sa kinabukasan ng Simbahan.
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Recommended readings:
- Giuseppe Alberigo (ed.), History of Vatican II (5 vols.)
- Giuseppe Alberigo, A brief history of Vatican II
- Blake Britton, Reclaiming Vatican II
- James Kroeger, A Vatican II Journey: Fifty milestones
- John W. O’Malley, What Happened at Vatican II
- Xavier Rynne, Letters from Vatican City
- Matthew Levering (ed.), The Word on Fire Vatican II Collection: Constitutions - for the texts
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Music and sound effects
Sound effects are from Mixkit.com, while a bit of Handel's Juravit Dominus was played in this episode.
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Sound clips
Clips from different sources were also used to enhance the story-telling, you can visit them and view them in the links provided (if there are any):
- Caeremoniale Romanum. Pope John XXIII declares the convocation of Ecumenical Council [1962] YouTube.
- Ibid. Vaticanum Secundum (Opening of the Second Vatican Council) - I. YouTube.
- Ibid. Solemn Procession to begin the Second Vatican Council descends from the Scala Regia at the Vatican. YouTube.
- Ibid. PROFESSIO FIDEI of Pope John XXIII during the opening ceremony of the Second Vatican Council [HD]. YouTube.
- Ibid. Pope Paul VI closing Ecumenical Council in Vatican - 1965 [DiFilm]. YouTube.
- Catholicism Archive. Pope John XXIII meets with prelates to make plans for Vatican II (1962, HD) YouTube.
- SanctusMatrisTemplum. Pope John XXIII Dies. YouTube.
- British Movietone. Pope Paul VI Coronation - 1963 | Today In History | 30 June 18. YouTube.
- VivaCristo1000. Pope Benedict XVI speaks about Vatican II. YouTube.
A clip from the movie Novitiate (Maggie Betts, 2017) - Please be advised that this was taken from a movie. The II Vatican Council never said that nuns are now free to not wear the habit, nor that religious consecration is no longer special. But what is stated here in this clip encapsulates the general idea of the wider public of what the Council “supposedly” teaches as compared to what it really does.
The Lost Papal Archives. Closing ceremony of the Second Vatican Council [1965] [HD]. YouTube.
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___
Sa episode na ito, sina Lennon at Russel ay sumisid sa ideya ng Burnout Society mula kay Byung-Chul Han. Bakit nga ba kahit mas “free” at mas maraming opportunities ngayon, mas marami rin ang pagod, anxious, at depressed? Paano nakatali dito ang myth of rags-to-riches na laging sinasabi: “Kung magsipag ka lang, aangat ka rin”? Pinag-usapan din natin ang Filipino context—paano ito lumalabas sa hustle culture, toxic positivity, at pangarap na maging susunod na Henry Sy.
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Key Takeaways
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Recommended Readings
Primary Works by Byung-Chul Han:
Complementary reading:
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For our listeners:
Kung naramdaman mo na napapagod ka kahit wala namang “malinaw na kalaban,” hindi ka nag-iisa. Han reminds us: hindi lahat ng laban ay personal, minsan sistema mismo ang nagpapagod sa atin.
Kung gusto mong mag-dive deeper, check the reading list above. At huwag kalimutan: pahinga is also resistance.
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Buwan ng wika ang Agosto, kaya naman heto na ang aming "token" episode para sa pagdiriwang na ito, parang mga paganap sa mga paaralan na tuwing Agosto lang nagiging mahalaga ang Filipino. Sa episode na ito, tatalakayin nina Lennon at Russel ang wikang Tagalog sa liturhiya at ang mga hamong kinakaharap nito tulad ng pagpili ng mga kaparian at mga layko sa inglés, ang hamon ng pagsasalin mula sa latín, at iba pa.
___Recommended reading:
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In this episode, Lennon and Russel explore the life and thought of Jürgen Habermas, one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. We unpack his famous concept of the Ideal Speech Situation (ISS), where truth, fairness, sincerity, and equality guide conversation—so that the best argument wins, not the loudest or most powerful.
We discuss:
Habermas’ biography and why communication mattered so much to him.
The Ideal Speech Situation and its four conditions.
Practical examples: family arguments, barangay meetings, and online debates.
The public sphere: how democracy depends on inclusive dialogue—and how social media distorts it.
Critiques from feminist, rhetorical, and development perspectives.
The role of ISS in today’s world—from barangay halls to Facebook feeds to AI ethics.
The big takeaway? Democracy lives or dies on how we talk to each other.
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Recommended Readings
Primary Works by Habermas
Secondary Sources mentioned in this episode:
Multimedia:
To understand Jürgen Habermas and the Public Sphere, we strongly recommend this episode of Philosopize This! podcast: listen here.
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Discussion Questions for Listeners
✨ Share this episode with a friend and start your own “ideal speech situation.” Democracy grows when we talk better together.
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May nagbabalik! One of our favorite guests and professors, Doc Joyce Fungo joins us in this episode to discuss a very important yet sometimes misunderstood topic: Gender and Society.
Ano nga ba ang gender? And why is it important to be discussed in public, especially in the classroom setting.
Doc Joyce enlightens us on this topic through the lens of philosophy and the academe. While, Russel, who is also teaching university students this subject, enlightens us through the lens of legislation and Lennon, as a Catholic priest, sheds a bit of light on what the Church says on women's dignity and gender studies.
Ikaw, what do you think about gender and society? Tell us on the comments!
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Recommended readings:
Doc Joyce's recommendations:
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In this episode, Lennon and Russel explore a question that hits deep in the Filipino psyche: “Mabait ka ba o mabuti?”
They dive into the cultural bias toward being “nice” and conflict-averse, and challenge listeners to think more deeply about moral courage, virtue ethics, and true goodness. What happens when being polite becomes complicity? Is it enough to keep peace, or are we called to stand for what is right even when it’s uncomfortable? Drawing from philosophical insights, Church teachings, and real-life examples, this episode calls us from shallow niceness to deep goodness.
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Recommended Readings:
Catechism of the Catholic Church, sections on virtues (CCC 1803–1845). https://www.vatican.va/content/catechism/en/part_three/section_one/chapter_one/article_7.html
Josef Pieper, The Four Cardinal Virtues
Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics
Pope Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth (for virtue in Jesus’ life)
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Nagmahal. Nasaktan. Nawala bigla.
In this episode of your favorite background noise, Lennon and Russel dive into the painful but common experience of ghosting—when someone suddenly cuts off communication without explanation. Whether romantic, friendly, or even within Church communities, ghosting leaves people confused and hurting.
With humor, honesty, and spiritual insight, the duo explores:
Why people ghost (and why it hurts so much)
Biblical and theological reflections on abandonment and silence
What to do if you were the one who ghosted
Steps toward healing and closure
The hope that God never ghosts us, even when people do
This is an episode for the left-on-read, the “seen-zoned,” the emotionally confused—and for anyone searching for clarity and closure in a world of sudden silences.
And, our fan favorite guest host, Doc Luke Brofar, makes his cameo "voice appearance" towards the end, kaya don't miss it!
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Key Topics:
The anatomy of ghosting in digital culture
Friendship, dating, and ministry ghosting
Ghosting in Scripture: Psalm 88, Gethsemane, the Cross
What it means to be ghosted and what it means to ghost others
Healing and human dignity in the face of emotional abandonment
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Recommended Reading:
Christus Vivit – Pope Francis on authentic relationships (esp. §90–94)
YouCat Q#402–404 – On friendship, respect, and responsibility
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For your reflection:
Have you ever been ghosted? How did you deal with it?
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Music and sound effects
Sound effects used in this episode are from Pixabay and Mixkit under Creative Commons.
Sound clips from the following are also used under Fair Use:
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🎶 Pumapatak na naman ang ulan sa bubong ng bahay... 🎶
Tag-ulan na naman, tagbaha at tagbagyo. Pero, bakit kahit na taon-taon na nating nararanasan ang dilubyo eh palagi pa rin tayong hindi handa at nacaught off guard? Saan ba ang problema? Do we lack experts? Planning? Laws? Funds? O, sadyang may problema lang tayo sa priorities at implementation? Totoo ba ang resiliency ng Pinoy in front of calamities? Is it a justification na paulit-ulit na lang nating sasapitin ang sakuna? How do we emphatize with people when we ourselves are not directly affected sa bagyo?
Yan ang usapan natin this week dito sa inyong paboritong background noise. Kaya sabay ng patak ng ulan, let our voices hele you to sleep!
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Special mentions
In this episode, Russel mentions about Hazard Hunter PH, the country's one-stop shop for hazard assessment where you can find out if a location is prone to seismic, volcanic, or hydrometeorologic hazards and generate hazard assessment reports. You can visit the project here on their website: https://hazardhunter.georisk.gov.ph/
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Soundclips used throughout this episode are used with Fair Use in mind, sound effects are from Pixabay while the others are as follows:
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📬 Connect With Us:
Kung may insights ka, tanong o gustong i-share, message us at tamangusapanpodcast@gmail.com or on FB: https://www.facebook.com/tamangusapanpodcast or on IG: https://www.instagram.com/tamangusapanpodcast/ or comment below.
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Nagbabalik ang ating Usapang Philospher/Thinker episodes. This time, we talk about Plato, one of the greatest ancient Greek philosphers. Sabi nga ni Alfred North Whitehead: "All philosphy is just a footnote to Plato".
In this episode, we will talk about Plato's life and works: the Allegory of the Cave, his epistemology, metaphysics, ethics and political theory, and his relavancve today in the age of cancel culture, fake news and social media, etc.
Sino, next na gusto mong pag-usapan natin?
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📬 Connect With Us:
Kung may insights, tanong o gustong i-share, message us at tamangusapanpodcast@gmail.com or on FB: https://www.facebook.com/tamangusapanpodcast or on IG: https://www.instagram.com/tamangusapanpodcast/ or comment below.
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Kumusta? We've just finished our 6-episode Christology mini-series, kaya in this episode tamang kumustahan lang tayo, a shorter episode just to regain our "may tamang" side after a series of tamang episodes 😂.
So, in this episode kumustahan lang from Fr. Lennon's hot spanish summer and Russel's beginning of Philippine rainy season to commentary to social happenings like the missing sabungero scandal in the Philippines, the changing cultural milieu about the value of life, etc.
Kaya, let's go! Happy listening!
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📬 Connect With Us:
Kung may insights, tanong o gustong i-share, message us at tamangusapanpodcast@gmail.com or on FB: https://www.facebook.com/tamangusapanpodcast or on IG: https://www.instagram.com/tamangusapanpodcast/ or comment below.
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Sa huling episode ng ating Christology miniseries, tinanong natin ang pinakapundamental na tanong: Paano nga ba tayo iniligtas ni Kristo?
Hindi lang ito tungkol sa langit, kundi tungkol sa tunay na pagbabagong espiritwal at pakikibahagi sa buhay ng Diyos. Mula sa pagtalakay ng kasalanan at sakripisyo, hanggang sa unika’t ganap na papel ni Kristo bilang tagapamagitan, sinuri natin ang katotohanan ng kaligtasan sa liwanag ng Banal na Kasulatan at turo ng Simbahan.
🧭 Episode Breakdown:
1️⃣ General Introduction to Salvation (Scriptural Foundation)
➤ John 3:16, Romans 5:8, 1 Corinthians 15:3, Isaiah 53
➤ Salvation as divine initiative – love in action, not just moral reform.
2️⃣ The Death of Jesus: Expiation and Substitution
➤ Hebrews 9:11–14, Romans 3:25, 2 Corinthians 5:21➤ Christ as High Priest and the perfect sacrifice, who took our place.
➤ Mysterium Paschale ni von Balthasar: Christ entered abandonment to redeem even the farthest sinner.
3️⃣ Christ as Mediator and Fullness of Revelation➤ Dei Verbum 2 & 4: God has fully revealed Himself in Christ.
➤ Redemptoris Missio 5 & 11, Mysterium Filii Dei (DH 1495), Dominus Iesus 6–8
➤ Hindi lang messenger si Jesus—Siya mismo ang mensahe ng Diyos.
4️⃣ Christology vs Religious Pluralism
➤ John 14:6, Acts 4:12➤ Dominus Iesus 14–15: Only Christ is the universal and necessary Savior.➤ Respect for other religions doesn’t mean denying Christ’s uniqueness.
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📚 Recommended Readings:
Scripture:
Isaiah 53
John 14:6
Romans 5–6
Hebrews 9–10
1 Corinthians 15
Magisterial Documents:
📘 Dei Verbum (Vatican II) – esp. §§2, 4
📘 Dominus Iesus (2000, CDF) – esp. §§6–15
📘 Redemptoris Missio – Pope John Paul II, esp. §§5, 11
📘 Mysterium Filii Dei (DH 1495–1496)
Theological Sources:
📗 Jesus of Nazareth, Vol. II – Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI)
📗 Mysterium Paschale – Hans Urs von Balthasar
📕 Catechism of the Catholic Church – §§599–618, 651–655
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🎯 Reflection Questions:
Ano ang pagkaunawa ko noon sa salitang “kaligtasan”? Nagbago ba ito matapos ang episode?
Sa mga paraan ng kaligtasan na tinalakay (expiation, substitution, revelation), alin ang pinaka tumama sa puso ko?
Paano ko maibabahagi ang katotohanan ni Kristo sa isang mundo na maraming paniniwala?
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📬 Connect With Us:
Kung may insights, tanong o gustong i-share, message us at tamangusapanpodcast@gmail.comor on FB: https://www.facebook.com/tamangusapanpodcast
or IG: https://www.instagram.com/tamangusapanpodcast/ or comment below.
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In this fourth installment of our miniseries on Christology, we discuss about the history of dogma o ang pag-usbong ng mga christological dogmas through the Ecumenical Councils bilang sagot ng Simbahan sa mga heresies throughout the ages. We will be reviewing the first seven Ecumenical Councils of the Church (not counting the Council of Jerusalem). Technical ang usapan natin dahil may mga konsepto ng person, hypostasis, nature, etc. Pero makakaasa ka na kami pa rin ang paborito mong background noise!
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For further reading we recommend:
Lawrence Spiteri. A Guide to the History of the Church (vols. 1 and 2). Makati: STPAULS.
My First History of the Church. Parañaque: SHMI.
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The diagram/graphic guide that Lennon mentions at the beginning can be seen on our website's page on this episode.
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Who is Jesus of Nazareth? 'Yan ang main question ng Christology. In this episode, we discuss about Jesus' "messianic claim", especifically in the christological titles: ano nga ba ang ibig sabihin nito at ano ang basis sa Old and New Testaments.
➡️ May tanong ka pa? DM or comment lang sa socials namin!Next Episode:
🎙️ Part IV : The Christological dogmas and councils
Anu-ano nga ba ang mga dogmas o katuruan ng Simbahan tungkol kay Jesus of Nazareth: who he is, what he is, how is the human and divine nature united in him. Mga sagot sa mga heresies na umusbong throughout the ages.
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