1.     Identify and describe nursing care related to seizures.

• Obtaining history from patient/family

- Type of seizure

- Manifestations

- Duration

- Management

• Maintaining safety

- Seizure precautions

- Ensuring compliance with drug therapy

• Observations and nursing care during a seizure

• Health promotion for families

2.     Define “status epilepticus” and describe related problems.

1.     Describe classification of seizures.

Focal, generalized, and unknown onset

2.     Describe how seizures are diagnosed.

• Patient/family history
• Complete physical and neurological examination
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Laboratory and neuroimaging tests

3.     Describe the treatment of seizures.

• Holistic approach

• Medications

• Ketogenic diet

• Vagal nerve stimulation

• Surgery

1.     Differentiate between the terms “seizure” and “epilepsy”.

• Paroxysmal behavior caused by abnormal discharge

of neurons.

• Relation to acute illness

2.     Describe the etiology and pathophysiology of seizures.

• Genetic

• Structural/metabolic

• Neuronal discharges

• Unknown

• Phases of seizure

3.     Identify contributing factors to febrile and neonatal seizures.

• Illness

• Infection

• Asphyxia

• Electrolyte imbalances

4. Identify nursing interventions relative to the child with ASD and his/her family.

• Offering family support

• Identifying signs of anxiety or depression in family members

• Encourage family to seek assistance or servicesrelated to respite care or support groups
• Interdisciplinary approach and collaboration

• Involve family in care planning during hospitalization

• Individualize care

• Adapt physical environment as needed

• Communication approaches

• Medications that can be used to manage the behaviors associated with ASD

1.     Identify treatment goals for ASD.

• Reducing disruptive behaviors

• Teaching the child how to accomplish purposeful activities

• Improving communication skills

• Providing opportunities for socialization

• Improving self-care skills

• Alleviating family distress

1.     Describe the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

• Developmental disorder

• Risk factors

• Diagnosis

2.     Identify signs and symptoms associated with ASD.

• Impaired social functioning

• Impaired language development

• Stereotypical behaviors

• Self-mutilation

• Increased aggression in adolescence

3/3

7. Describe the nursing interventions for dehydration.

• Rehydration (oral & IV)

• Strict monitoring of intake & output

• Accurate weight of child

• Health teaching to prevent gastroenteritis

2/3

4. Describe how to determine the severity of dehydration.

• Weight change (in % or in mL/kg)
• Signs and symptoms

5. Relate the extent of dehydration to thetherapy.

Fluid and electrolyte replacement

6. Describe the nursing problems most oftenseen in dehydrated children.

• Fluid and Electrolytes:

-Fluid Volume Deficit

-Fluid and electrolytes imbalances

• Nutrition: less than body requirements
• Impaired skin integrity

1/2

1.     Describe the pathophysiology of dehydration in a child.

• Risk factors for dehydration
• Consequences of dehydration
• Compensatory mechanism
• Types of dehydration

2. Compare and contrast the fluid and electrolyte requirements of children in various age groups.

• Pediatric differences

• Fluid requirements and minimum output

3. Identify common tests related to GI dysfunctionand dehydration

• Urine specific gravity
• Hematocrit
• Serum electrolytes

1. Identify how nutritional challenges are related to certain health conditions in children and adolescents.

• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

• Ulcerative colitis (UC)

• Crohn’s disease (CD)

• Malabsorption disorders

• Celiac disease

• Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM II)

• Obesity

• Failure to thrive (FTT)

• Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

2. Identify health promotion strategies to optimizenutritional status in the presence of certain health conditions.

• May include medical, surgical, nutritional and psychosocial approaches

1.     Recall the nutritional requirements of children and adolescents.

• toddler and preschool
• school age
• adolescent

2.     Identify factors that can influence nutritional intake for children and adolescents.

• Weight and height progression
• Growth and developmental stage
• Illness and disease
• Physical activity level
• Media influences

6/6

6. Describe the nurse’s role in preventing childhood injuries.

Model safety practices • Educate parents and children •Support legislative efforts that advocate prevention • Collaborate with other health care providers to promote safety and injury prevention

5/6

 5. Define Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and list the possible risk factors related to its occurrence.

Risk factors related to sleeping position • Parental smoking, avoiding overheating, encouraging breastfeeding, etc.

4/6

4. Define Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) and list the possible signs associated with SBS.

Definition, signs of SBS and strategies to prevent SBS •Strategies to reduce incidences of SBS (e.g. Period of Purple Crying program)

3/6

 3. Apply strategies that can be applied to prevent childhood injuries and identify the teaching needs for children and/or their families that promote safety.

•Anticipatory safety guidance

• Passive vs. active strategies

• Three Es: • Education • Engineering • Enforcement (legislation)

2/6

2. Identify the leading causes or trends associated with unintentional pediatric injuries.

Epidemiological approach to unintentional injuries.

• Injury trends and causes related to growth & development (host), season, environment and physical and social agents (e.g. may include choking & suffocation, falls (I.e. crib safety), accidental poisoning, motor vehicle incidents (I.e. pedestrian &car safety), drowning, incidents related to sports & recreation; head injuries; burns and scalds

1/6

Understand the connection between the developmental stage of a child and the type of injury they have.

2/2

1.    Describe age-appropriate non- pharmacological interventions for controlling pain in children.

a.      Trusting relationship • Distraction-Play • Massage • Application of heat/cold • Music •Visualization • Positive self-talk • Role of Child Life Therapist in hospitals

2.    Describe documentation of nursing assessments and interventions for pain.

a.      Document nursing assessment and pain management

1/2

1.    Describe pain assessment for pain in children (the 5th vital sign)

a.     Pediatric pain assessment tools • Obtain a pain experience history •

2.    Describe pharmacologic interventions, management modalities and administration routes (and/or delivery devices) for controlling pain in children.

a.     • Opioids/patient-controlled analgesia • NSAIDS • Non-opioids • Adjuvants

4/4

3.     Identify the therapeutic and adverse effects of medications used in high-risk pregnancies.

Medications:  -Antihypertensives in pregnancy -IV Magnesium Sulfate (drug of choice, the monitoring & the antidote)

Other medications(Hyperemesis Gravidarum):  -Ginger (non-pharmacological)-Diclectin™  -Gravol™  -Maxeran™  -Zofran™