Ch 46 Part 2 offers a comprehensive overview of various upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, focusing on their etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Key topics include the common issues of nausea and vomiting, as well as more specific conditions such as oral cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hiatal hernia, esophageal cancer, and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The material also addresses complications associated with these disorders, including GI bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction, along with the nursing and interprofessional care required for patients experiencing these issues. Finally, the text briefly touches upon gastritis, foodborne illnesses, and the implications of gastric surgery.
Ch 56 provides an overview of dermatologic drugs, focusing on topically administered medications used to treat a variety of skin disorders. It covers the basic anatomy and physiology of the skin, common skin conditions, infections, and diseases, and the mechanisms of action, indications, and adverse effects of various dermatologic medications. Key drug categories discussed include antibacterials, antifungals, antiacne drugs, antiviral drugs, anesthetics, antipruritics, antipsoriatics, and wound care products. The text also incorporates nursing considerations for assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating patient care related to these medications.
Ch 50 provides a comprehensive overview of acid-controlling drugs used to manage conditions like peptic ulcer disease and GERD. It details the physiology of stomach acid secretion, including the roles of parietal, chief, and mucous cells, and explains how various drug classes like antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors work to reduce stomach acidity. The text discusses the mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, and potential adverse effects and drug interactions for each class. It also incorporates nursing considerations, emphasizing patient assessment, education regarding proper administration, potential side effects, and recognizing symptoms of complications.
Ch. 57 focuses on ophthalmic drugs, providing a detailed overview of various medications used to treat eye conditions. It begins by outlining the anatomy and physiology of the eye, then explores the pathophysiology of glaucoma, including angle-closure and open-angle types. The text then presents several classes of ophthalmic drugs, such as antiglaucoma medications, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, and diagnostic agents, describing their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions. Finally, it includes a nursing process section, offering guidance on patient assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation related to the administration of these drugs.
Ch.25 provides a comprehensive overview of integumentary problems, focusing on skin disorders and cancers. It covers various topics including environmental hazards like sun exposure and drug photosensitivity, different types of skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, as well as their risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatments. The source also examines common skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, infestations, and insect bites, along with allergic and benign skin problems, detailing their causes, symptoms, and management. Finally, it discusses various diagnostic and surgical procedures for skin problems, including phototherapy, laser therapy, cryosurgery, and skin grafting, emphasizing essential nursing management practices like wound care, preventing infection, and addressing the psychosocial impact of these conditions.
Ch 24 provides a detailed overview of the integumentary system, encompassing the structure and functions of the skin, hair, and nails, along with associated glands. It explores the changes that occur with aging and emphasizes the importance of both subjective and objective data collection for assessing this system. The source further outlines various types of skin lesions, explains how to perform a physical assessment, highlights assessment variations in different skin tones, and describes common diagnostic studies used in dermatology.
Ch22 provides an in-depth exploration of the visual system, covering its structures and functions. It discusses various visual problems, ranging from refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia to more serious conditions such as cataracts, retinal detachment, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. The text emphasizes the importance of assessment and management for these conditions, including diagnostic studies, medical and surgical interventions, and crucial nursing considerations related to patient care, health promotion, and coping with vision loss, particularly in the context of aging.
Ch. 43 provides an in-depth look at antimalarial, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic drugs, focusing on their use in treating parasitic infections. It outlines the infectious processes of malaria, other protozoal diseases, and helminthic infections, comparing their signs and symptoms. The text details various drug classifications, including their mechanisms of action, indications, and potential adverse effects, while also discussing nursing care considerations for patients receiving these medications. Key terms related to these infections and treatments are defined.
Ch42 provides an overview of antifungal drugs, including their classifications, mechanisms of action, and clinical uses. It details various types of fungal infections, such as systemic and superficial mycoses, explaining which organisms cause them and how they are transmitted. The content also covers crucial aspects of patient care related to these medications, including nursing assessments, potential adverse effects and drug interactions, and important patient teaching points. Specific antifungal agents like amphotericin B, fluconazole, and nystatin are highlighted, noting their pharmacokinetics, indications, and associated precautions.
Ch. 41 focuses on antitubercular drugs, which are medications used to treat infections caused by Mycobacterium species, primarily tuberculosis (TB). It outlines the objectives for understanding these drugs, defines key terms related to TB and its treatment, and lists various first-line and second-line antitubercular medications, including drug profiles. The text also discusses the pathophysiology of TB, its transmission, diagnosis, and the factors contributing to the rise of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Finally, it covers the mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, and drug interactions of these medications, providing important information for the nursing process, patient teaching, and safe administration of antitubercular therapy.
CH. 40 focuses on antiviral drugs, explaining how they work against various viral infections. It details the characteristics and replication processes of viruses, including HIV, herpesviruses (HSV, VZV, CMV), hepatitis, and influenza viruses. The source describes different classes of antiviral medications, their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, and potential adverse effects, highlighting the importance of the immune system in fighting off infections and the challenges of treating immunocompromised individuals and specific viruses like HIV and Hepatitis C. Finally, it offers insights into the nursing process for patients receiving these medications, including assessment, implementation, and evaluation.
Ch17 focuses on understanding and managing substance use disorder, emphasizing its prevalence and impact in the United States. It outlines the objectives for learning about various abused substances, including identification, signs, symptoms, and treatment for withdrawal. The text also provides a key terms glossary and discusses the nursing process for assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating care for patients with these disorders. Specifically, it addresses opioids, stimulants, depressants, alcohol, and nicotine, detailing their mechanisms, effects, indications, adverse effects, and management of withdrawal and overdose. The chapter highlights the importance of patient-centered care, especially for adolescent and older adult populations, and includes information on relevant organizations and agencies.
Ch16 provides a comprehensive overview of psychotherapeutic drugs, focusing on those used to treat anxiety, affective, and psychotic disorders. It outlines the various classes of drugs, such as anxiolytics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics, and discusses their mechanisms of action, indications, and potential adverse effects. Key concepts like the biogenic amine hypothesis and serotonin syndrome are explained, alongside the importance of nursing assessment and patient education for safe and effective treatment. The text also highlights considerations for specific populations, including pediatric and older adult patients, and emphasizes the risk of drug interactions and the need for close monitoring.
Ch 38/39 provides an in-depth look at antibiotic therapy, focusing on different classes of antibacterial drugs. It discusses general principles of antibiotic use, including how they work and the differences between empiric, definitive, and prophylactic therapy. The text also addresses crucial considerations such as drug resistance, adverse effects, drug interactions, and specific host factors influencing treatment outcomes. Detailed information is provided for sulfonamides, penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, macrolides, and tetracyclines, including their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, and pharmacokinetic profiles. Finally, the text includes nursing considerations for administering these medications, emphasizing assessment, implementation, and evaluation of antibiotic therapy.
Ch. 48 discusses three conditions affecting the pancreas and biliary system: acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and gallbladder problems including cholelithiasis and cholecystitis, as well as gallbladder cancer. For each condition, the text outlines the etiology and pathophysiology, describing what causes the condition and how it affects the body. Clinical manifestations are detailed, covering the signs and symptoms experienced by patients. The document also reviews diagnostic studies used to identify these illnesses, potential complications that can arise, and various interprofessional and nursing care approaches, including medical, surgical, and nutritional therapies.
Ch. 46 offers a comprehensive overview of various upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, focusing on their etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Key topics include the common issues of nausea and vomiting, as well as more specific conditions such as oral cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hiatal hernia, esophageal cancer, and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The material also addresses complications associated with these disorders, including GI bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction, along with the nursing and interprofessional care required for patients experiencing these issues. Finally, the text briefly touches upon gastritis, foodborne illnesses, and the implications of gastric surgery.
Ch. 43 offers a comprehensive overview of the gastrointestinal system, covering its fundamental structures and functions, including associated organs like the liver and pancreas. It details the key processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination, highlighting the roles of various organs and secretions. The text also discusses the impact of aging on the digestive system and provides a guide to subjective and objective assessment methods, including physical examination techniques and various diagnostic studies, such as imaging and endoscopic procedures. Finally, it touches upon common assessment abnormalities and the nursing responsibilities associated with different tests.
Ch. 37 focuses on respiratory drugs used to treat conditions affecting the lungs and airways. It provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and discusses common diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), explaining their underlying mechanisms. The text extensively covers various drug classifications used for these conditions, including bronchodilators like beta-adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, and xanthine derivatives, as well as nonbronchodilating drugs such as leukotriene receptor antagonists and corticosteroids. For each drug class, the text details their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions, and concludes with important nursing considerations and patient teaching points for safe and effective medication administration.
Ch. 10, focuses on analgesic drugs and the management of pain, covering various types of pain, their characteristics, and both pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment approaches. It details the mechanisms of action, indications, adverse effects, and interactions of opioid and nonopioid analgesics, including discussions on toxicity and overdose management. The text also highlights nursing considerations for pain assessment and implementation of pain management plans, emphasizing patient-centered care across different demographics and the importance of recognizing cultural factors and potential medication errors.
Ch. 9 provides a comprehensive overview of pain management, focusing on both its theoretical underpinnings and practical applications in healthcare. It explores the nature and mechanisms of pain, including the differences between nociceptive and neuropathic pain and the physiological processes involved in pain transmission and modulation. The document also addresses the assessment of pain, emphasizing subjective reporting and acknowledging challenges in special populations, alongside discussing various pain treatment strategies, including pharmacological options like nonopioids, opioids, and adjuvant therapies, as well as non-drug interventions. Furthermore, it highlights the role of healthcare professionals in effective pain management, detailing challenges such as tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction, and underscoring the importance of interprofessional collaboration, patient education, and ethical considerations.
