In this concluding section of the Chapter, Lord Krishna clarifies the doubts of Arjuna and clearly states that the Path of Meditation is essential and is superior to mere bookish knowledge, or the path of action, or the practice of austerities. The path of meditation gives the person an experience of the Supreme Goal and is the highest form of yoga. Any progress made on this path is very important and worthwhile. One gets his or her subsequent birth in a noble family when one walks the spiritual path from where the journey can progress further.
Lord Krishna lists the advantages of the Path of Meditation. How it takes us to the Brahman state where we perceive the One in every one. Arjuna asks if it is really possible for him with his fickle mind and Lord Krishna gives the advice to persist with the practice (Abhyasa) and have dispassion (Vairagya).
In this section there is further description of meditation process. The benefits of meditation are also described. There is some bit of effort required. A skill to observe the mind and by observing the mind becoming the Witness. The Witness state is one of the important aspects of Enlightenment.
This section talks about how meditation has to be done. How we must behave in our life? Moderation in food, sleep, activities. It talks about the posture to be maintained and where to focus the mind. The next section also gives further instructions.
In this concluding section of Chapter V, Lord Krishna underlines the inportance of Knowledge of the self and teaches us in brief - how we can experience the Self - get a glimpse of the self. The process of meditation is mentioned in brief. The result of meditation being an experience of Love, Compassion and Peace!
In this section Lord Krishna underscores the importance of the Knowledge of the Brahman in experiencing whatever has been said so far. Be it remembering the transient nature of the world as opposed to the permanent nature of Truth; the equanimity of mind - beyond all dualities; or overcoming desires, anger and fear; or performing actions for the good of others in a spirit of sacrifice. All of these happen automatically for a person who gets a glimpse of the Knowledge of the Brahman (Supreme Self).
This chapter again begins with a doubt from Arjuna. He asks Lord Krishna if the Renunciation of Action is better or the Path of Action. Renunciation is often misunderstood as leaving everything and retiring to the Himalayas for penance. Far from it. Renunciation is clarified as 'renunciation of desire for fruits of action' or of desire-driven actions. Not renunciation of action itself!
After discussing the highest forms of action - actions done in sacrificial (Yagna) spirit, Lord Krishna talks about the actions of the not-so-wise undertaken with desires or material gains in sight. This section tells how we must try to surrender all actions to the Divine and be free from feverishness, desires and egotism in our actions.
Karma Yoga:
In this chapter Arjuna starts by asking a question to Lord Krishna. When it has been said that Wisdom or being in Knowledge is the best, then why does the Lord ask Arjuna to fight and do actions? Then, Lord Krishna clarifies that action is essential. Just because one is established in knowledge doesn't mean actions can stop.
In this section, Lord Krishna talks about Swadharma - our personal duty. We must stick to our personal duty in the face of any adversities such as pleasure or pain, gain or loss, victory or defeat and that alone will help us to avoid incurring sin. The end of this section sets the tone for Karma Yoga.
