In just about every country that has been targeted by a major sanctions program—including Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Venezuela, to name a few—we can observe significant humanitarian consequences. Sanctions contribute to shortages of essential goods, hinder access to healthcare, and exacerbate poverty and social instability. Understanding the humanitarian impact of sanctions is crucial for assessing their true cost and evaluating whether they are truly effective.Erica Moret has conducted ext...
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In just about every country that has been targeted by a major sanctions program—including Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Venezuela, to name a few—we can observe significant humanitarian consequences. Sanctions contribute to shortages of essential goods, hinder access to healthcare, and exacerbate poverty and social instability. Understanding the humanitarian impact of sanctions is crucial for assessing their true cost and evaluating whether they are truly effective.Erica Moret has conducted ext...
In just about every country that has been targeted by a major sanctions program—including Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Venezuela, to name a few—we can observe significant humanitarian consequences. Sanctions contribute to shortages of essential goods, hinder access to healthcare, and exacerbate poverty and social instability. Understanding the humanitarian impact of sanctions is crucial for assessing their true cost and evaluating whether they are truly effective.Erica Moret has conducted ext...
Stephen Fallon on how American regulators captured global banks.US authorities have taken advantage of the unique position of the dollar in the global economy to exercise significant control over the global financial system. When the U.S. introduces new financial regulations or sanctions regimes, global banks take notice, and tend to modify their behaviors to conform with American guidance.Stephen Fallon has spent his whole career dealing with the exigencies of US financial regulations. In hi...
Gerard DiPippo on the intensifying economic competition between the United States and China.When the White House recently announced it would increase tariffs on a range of Chinese goods, it used striking language to explain why the measures were necessary. The White House statement claimed that “China’s unfair trade practices concerning technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation are threatening American businesses and workers” and complained that “China is also flooding global...
Henry Smith on how global CEOs are navigating the sanctions landscape. In recent decades, multinational companies have pursued market opportunities around the world, creating complex supply chains and financial structures in the process. But what was once a world of expanding opportunity is increasingly a world of encroaching risks. With sanctions and export controls imposed on a growing list of countries, including major economies like Iran and Russia, multinational companies have had to sca...
Delaney Simon on the challenges of peacebuilding in the wake of sanctions.Sanctions are not meant to last forever. When diplomatic negotiations bring a dispute or conflict to an end, it may be time to lift sanctions imposed in response to that conflict. Unfortunately, sanctions can be difficult to lift, and they have lingering effects that can make it harder to build a durable peace after conflict.Delaney’s research has focused on the effects of sanctions on peacebuilding. She is a Senior Ana...
Maximilian Hess and Nicholas Mulder have spent a lot of time thinking about economic weapons and economic war, especially in the context of Ukraine.Their writings have graced the pages of the New York Times, the Financial Times, Foreign Affairs, and Foreign Policy. If there are trenches in economic wars, then Max and Nick two of the best correspondents writing with their boots in the metaphorical mud.Maximilian is the founder of the London-based political risk firm Enmetena Advisory. He is al...
Javad Shamsi on how firms adapt to sanctions.The U.S. sanctions on Iran target sectors across the country’s economy, including the energy, manufacturing, and banking sectors. In addition, hundreds of Iranian companies have been designated, meaning they have been singled out with targeted sanctions. Despite this expansive sanctions regime, very few large enterprises in Iran have gone out of business, suggesting that managers at most companies found ways to adapt to sanctions pressure.Javad Sha...
Daniel McDowell and Maria Shagina on how states evade and undermine sanctions.The stakes around sanctions circumvention have never been higher. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has made sanctions evasion a matter of life or death. Russia continues to use export revenues to fund its war economy, and, despite trade restrictions, Russian factories continue to churn out weapons using imported parts and machinery. Meanwhile, growing antagonism between China and the United States has spurred Chinese...
Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman on weaponizing Interdependence in a globalized world. In 2019, Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman published a paper titled “Weaponized Interdependence,” which quickly became one of the most widely cited papers about economic coercion. The paper spurred scholars and policymakers to recognise how the networks that underpin the globalised economy can be exploited by powerful states to compel policy change or deter unwanted actions.Henry Farrell is a professor at Jo...
Saleha Mohsin on how the strong dollar became the weaponized dollar.Over the last few decades, the Department of Treasury has transformed from an institution that managed the dollar, government budgets, and issued bonds into an institution playing a critical role in US national security. At the heart of this transformation was cast of characters—legislators and bureaucrats—who realised the immense power that the U.S. government could wield through the use of sanctions, including the power to ...
In just about every country that has been targeted by a major sanctions program—including Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Venezuela, to name a few—we can observe significant humanitarian consequences. Sanctions contribute to shortages of essential goods, hinder access to healthcare, and exacerbate poverty and social instability. Understanding the humanitarian impact of sanctions is crucial for assessing their true cost and evaluating whether they are truly effective.Erica Moret has conducted ext...
