Is disconnection simply the result of modern life — or is it a deliberate feature of the systems we live in?In this episode of The Loneliness Industry, I’m joined by Professor Sam Vaknin — author of Malignant Self Love and one of the most cited (and controversial) voices on narcissism — for a deep dive into why we are so isolated.We agree on one point: disconnection is built into our systems. Where we differ is on how we got here.Sam argues these systems reflect the human condition itself — inherently narcissistic and isolation-seeking — supported by a Lacanian-based justification of humanity’s inherent alienation.If you are a regular listener of the podcast, you’ll know my own view is different. Influenced by Foucault’s analysis of power structures and Butler’s work on social norms and identity, I see disconnection as encouraged because those in power benefit from keeping us apart.This episode begins with a question that spawned an in depth exposition of Vaknins theory of the human condition. What followed is a lively, challenging conversation about narcissism, loneliness, human nature, and the forces that shape our connections — and disconnections. This lively, challenging conversation covers: • A Lacanian-based justification of humanity’s inherent alienation • What narcissism really is — and why Sam Vaknin believes it’s part of the human condition • The role of fantasy in avoiding human connection • How loneliness and disconnection are built into modern life • Whether isolation is a choice or the result of power structures • Why some believe technology encourages social isolation • Different perspectives on human nature and our capacity for connection • How narcissistic systems shape our relationships and communities • What happens when philosophical and psychological theories collideIf you’ve ever wondered whether disconnection is something we’ve chosen — or something designed into the fabric of our culture — this episode will challenge you to see the question from two very different angles.