Insulin resistance is a condition characterized by an impaired response of cells to insulin, which causes an initial increasein insulin levels. This hyperinsulinemia can further promote fat storage and inflammation, worsening insulin resistance andresulting in the establishment of a vicious circle which can contribute to the development of conditions like type 2 diabetesand obesity. Breaking this vicious circle is as important as it is difficult. Changes in lifestyle and pharmacotherapy, such asmetformin, have been shown effective to improve insulin resistance and prevent its deleterious condition. This podcast is part of the continuing medical education program entitled “The 2025 Learning Journey in Diabetes: A Case-Based InteractiveEducational Experience”, targeting endocrinologists, diabetologists, nurses and obstetricians.

Insulin resistance is a condition characterized by an impaired response of cells to insulin, which causes an initial increasein insulin levels. This hyperinsulinemia can further promote fat storage and inflammation, worsening insulin resistance andresulting in the establishment of a vicious circle which can contribute to the development of conditions like type 2 diabetesand obesity. Breaking this vicious circle is as important as it is difficult. Changes in lifestyle and pharmacotherapy, such asmetformin, have been shown effective to improve insulin resistance and prevent its deleterious condition. This podcast is part of the continuing medical education program entitled “The 2025 Learning Journey in Diabetes: A Case-Based InteractiveEducational Experience”, targeting endocrinologists, diabetologists, nurses and obstetricians.

In patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis is the main reason for impaired life expectancy, and diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the largest contributors to end-stage renal disease and blindness, respectively. Notably, a large number of people presents with vascular complications already at the time of diabetes diagnosis, suggesting that the natural history of vascular damage in diabetes starts very early in the course of the disease. Indeed, accumulating evidence shows that mechanisms leading to diabetic vascular complications starts since the prediabetes stage, which therefore may represent an ideal therapeutic window to implement precocious interventions to halt the burden of cardiometabolic disease worldwide. Prof. Pozzilli, a KOL in the field, will discuss the impact of prediabetes and related comorbidities on vascular complications of diabetes.