In this fifth episode of the shareholder litigation series on Organized: The Business Law Breakdown, Professor Seth C. Oranburg examines pre-trial motions as essential tools for challenging or resolving shareholder claims before trial. Delve into motions to dismiss, which scrutinize pleading standards for plausibility and particularity in direct securities fraud actions under Twombly, Iqbal, and Rule 10b-5, or demand futility in derivative suits alleging fiduciary breaches under DGCL and MBCA. The discussion emphasizes summary judgment—full or partial—where undisputed facts post-discovery can end cases by evaluating elements like scienter, causation, or duties of care and loyalty, thereby mitigating agency costs. Insights cover forum differences (federal vs. Delaware), technology's influence (e.g., AI for evidence analysis), and strategic impacts on settlements. With hypotheticals and ties to substantive corporate law, this episode equips listeners with actionable strategies. Perfect for law students, business owners, and corporate practitioners, it advances the civil procedure playbook for accountable governance.

In this fourth episode of the shareholder litigation series on Organized: The Business Law Breakdown, Professor Seth C. Oranburg explores the discovery phase, where evidence is gathered to substantiate claims in direct and derivative actions. Learn how discovery promotes transparency under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26, focusing on relevance and proportionality, while addressing agency costs by uncovering managerial misconduct. For direct suits, discovery targets proof of personal harms like material misstatements; for derivative claims, pre-suit inspections under DGCL Section 220 enable access to books and records to establish demand futility, with recent amendments like Senate Bill 21 balancing access against abuse. The episode examines technology's impact—AI for efficient document review, blockchain for data validation—and challenges such as high costs, privileges, motions to compel, and protective orders for trade secrets. Through hypotheticals and practical tips, Professor Oranburg illustrates how discovery can drive settlements or strengthen trials. Tailored for law students, business owners, and corporate professionals, this installment advances the civil procedure playbook with checklists for effective evidence gathering.

In this episode, I read aloud Judge Chin’s majority opinion in Meyer v. Uber Techs., Inc., 868 F.3d 66 (2d Cir. 2017), a foundational online-assent case about whether Uber’s mobile “sign-in-wrap” created a binding arbitration agreement. The Second Circuit vacates a district-court denial of arbitration and remands on waiver, holding that the app’s registration screen gave “reasonably conspicuous” notice and that tapping “Register” unambiguously manifested assent to the linked Terms of Service. Meyer v. Uber Techs., Inc., 868 F.3d 66 (2d Cir. 2017). Why this case matters It sets a widely cited standard for mobile contract formation: the “reasonably prudent smartphone user,” notice via hyperlink, and spatial/temporal coupling of terms with the act of registration. It anchors the taxonomy of online agreements (clickwrap, browsewrap, scrollwrap, sign-in-wrap) in Second Circuit doctrine and integrates Specht and Nicosia. See Specht v. Netscape Commc’ns Corp., 306 F.3d 17 (2d Cir. 2002); Nicosia v. Amazon.com, Inc., 834 F.3d 220 (2d Cir. 2016). It’s also a clean vehicle to teach FAA vs. state contract law: arbitration is enforced only if a contract exists under state law (here, California), reviewed de novo on undisputed facts. For contrast, pair it with Sgouros v. TransUnion, 817 F.3d 1029 (7th Cir. 2016) (design misled users) and Cullinane v. Uber Techs., Inc., 893 F.3d 53 (1st Cir. 2018) (Uber lost on a different screen design). What to listen for (learning targets) Procedural posture and standards of review. Identify where the case sits (appeal from denial of motions to compel arbitration), what is reviewed de novo, and what is reviewed for clear error. Be ready to explain why de novo applies here. Governing law pathway. Track the move from the FAA policy favoring arbitration to the threshold state-law contract question: Was there a contract at all? Note the court’s reliance on Specht for assent principles. Interface facts that mattered. Listen for the precise design features the court credits: uncluttered screen; dark text on white; blue, underlined hyperlinked “TERMS OF SERVICE & PRIVACY POLICY”; placement directly below “Register”; no scrolling needed. Ask yourself which of these are necessary vs. merely persuasive. “Reasonably prudent smartphone user.” Catch how the court uses background facts about smartphone adoption and common web conventions to support constructive notice. Could similar reasoning cut the other way if conventions evolve? Assent without an “I agree” button. The court treats tapping “Register” as assent when paired with clear notice. Contrast with designs where the same tap serves a different, misleading purpose (Sgouros). Issue reserved on remand. The panel leaves waiver (litigation conduct) for the district court. Flag how and why waiver can be decided by a court rather than the arbitrator. Comparative authority. Be prepared to compare Meyer with Nicosia (hyperlink too distant and cluttered context) and Cullinane (First Circuit finds Uber’s design inadequate). What concrete drafting/UX lessons emerge? Learning prompts If you were Uber’s product counsel in 2014, what one change would most fortify assent? If you represent riders, which single design change would most undermine assent? Ground answers in the record facts the court emphasizes. Draft a one-sentence notice that’s more conspicuous than Uber’s but still realistic on a phone. Apply Meyer’s framework to a modern OAuth/SSO “Sign in with X” flow. Does a federated-login button complicate notice and assent? Which screen owns the duty to warn? Primary sources Meyer v. Uber Techs., Inc., 868 F.3d 66 (2d Cir. 2017) (opinion). Meyer v. Kalanick, 200 F. Supp. 3d 408 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) (district court opinion cited by the panel). Specht v. Netscape Commc’ns Corp., 306 F.3d 17 (2d Cir. 2002) Nicosia v. Amazon.com, Inc., 834 F.3d 220 (2d Cir. 2016). Sgouros v. TransUnion Corp., 817 F.3d 1029 (7th Cir. 2016

In this third episode of the shareholder litigation series on Organized: The Business Law Breakdown, Professor Seth C. Oranburg examines pleading standards as essential gatekeepers in direct and derivative actions. Discover how federal rules under Twombly, Iqbal, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act demand plausible, detailed complaints for direct claims involving material misstatements, scienter, reliance, and causation under SEC Rule 10b-5. For derivative suits in Delaware or under the Model Business Corporation Act, learn the rigorous requirements for alleging demand futility via the Zuckerberg test, continuous ownership, and breaches of fiduciary duties like care and loyalty. Through practical examples, hypotheticals, and ties to agency costs, the episode highlights how these standards prevent frivolous suits while enabling accountability. Emerging issues, such as cybersecurity disclosure failures, illustrate evolving challenges. Perfect for law students, business owners, and corporate practitioners, this installment advances the civil procedure playbook with checklists for crafting robust complaints.

Seth C. Oranburg

In this inaugural episode of the season on shareholder litigation, Professor Seth C. Oranburg introduces listeners to the fundamentals of corporate accountability through a civil procedure playbook. Explore why shareholders might sue their own companies, the core agency problems in corporations, and the key distinctions between direct and derivative actions—with real-world analogies and examples. The discussion covers strategic forum choices, such as Delaware's Court of Chancery versus federal courts, and emerging trends like SEC cybersecurity disclosure rules, AI in legal discovery, and blockchain for evidence. Designed for law students, business owners, and corporate enthusiasts, this episode outlines the season's structure, providing step-by-step insights into the litigation process to ensure transparency and fairness in business. Join Professor Oranburg for a comprehensive guide to protecting investments and enforcing ethical leadership.

Professor Seth C. Oranburg wraps the season by reflecting on governance’s purpose—aligning incentives for risk/reward via the business judgment rule—and failures like disconnected boards (Wells Fargo, McDonald’s harassment). Drawing on agency theory and economics, he analyzes misalignments (self-serving comp, ignored risks) and debates reforms (activism, regulations like Sarbanes-Oxley). Recapping key elements (duties, activism, takeovers), he stresses diligence/engagement as vital, previews shareholder litigation, and urges curiosity about governance’s evolution.

In this episode, Professor Seth C. Oranburg flips the script to examine when boards themselves become the problem, failing in oversight and enabling scandals like Enron’s fraud (board-approved off-balance-sheet schemes) and Wells Fargo’s fake accounts (ignored warnings). He explores shareholder remedies (voting out directors, derivative suits, selling stock), critiques the system’s biases toward directors, and discusses fixes like activism amid trends like Delaware exits (Dexit). The episode questions accountability in cozy board-CEO dynamics and teases future litigation topics.

This episode covers the ”duty of oversight” (part of care/loyalty), requiring active risk monitoring to prevent scandals. Professor Seth C. Oranburg traces its evolution via Caremark (bribery oversight failure, establishing the standard), Marchand/Blue Bell (listeria deaths from ignored safety), and McDonald’s (officer liability for harassment). He extends to modern risks like cybersecurity, AI, ESG, emphasizing systems for red flags—failures lead to personal fines and reputational ruin.

Professor Seth C. Oranburg unpacks board-CEO conflicts, affirming boards’ legal authority to fire CEOs under Delaware law/bylaws, but highlighting real-world fights. Cases include Apple’s 1985 ousting of Steve Jobs (coup attempt failed, but he returned triumphantly), Disney/Ovitz ($140M severance for failure, upheld under business judgment), and Uber/Kalanick (forced resignation amid scandals). The episode stresses ego, contracts, and outcomes—boards usually prevail, but at costs like golden parachutes.

In this episode, Professor Seth C. Oranburg reads aloud Chapter 1 of his casebook, Contract Law: Rules, Cases, and Problems. This chapter introduces the nature, purpose, history, and evolution of contract law—from ancient civilizations and the Magna Carta to the modern Restatement and Uniform Commercial Code. Listeners will learn how contract law differs from public law, why promises matter, the historical interplay between law and equity, and the leading theories that justify enforcing contracts. Designed for law students and anyone curious about the foundations of private law, this reading blends doctrinal clarity with historical insight, setting the stage for deeper study throughout the course

Focusing on corporate warfare, this episode explains hostile takeovers—bypassing boards to appeal directly to shareholders—and defenses like poison pills (dilution triggers), white knights (friendly buyers), Pac-Man (counter-bids), and staggered boards (slowing control shifts). Professor Seth C. Oranburg uses examples like Twitter/Musk (pill adopted then waived), Paramount/Time (white knight merger), Martin Marietta/Bendix (Pac-Man chaos), and Airgas (staggered success). He weighs pros (accountability) against cons (short-term disruption).

Professor Seth C. Oranburg examines shareholder activism as a tool for influencing governance, defining it as investors leveraging ownership for change via proxies, proposals, or pressure. He profiles activists like Carl Icahn and Nelson Peltz, with cases like Dell’s buyout fight, Exxon’s climate push, and Disney’s restructuring battle. The episode debates activism’s value—boosting accountability vs. promoting short-termism (e.g., Sears’ collapse)—and notes social media’s role in amplifying influence.

Professor Seth C. Oranburg explores the boardroom as the corporation’s power center, detailing the board’s three core responsibilities: setting strategy, hiring/firing the CEO, and overseeing risk. He breaks down fiduciary duties (care, loyalty, and oversight), distinguishes inside vs. outside directors, and uses cases like Paramount v. Time (strategic mergers), Disney/Ovitz (CEO hiring failures), and Theranos (oversight lapses) to illustrate successes and disasters. The episode stresses boards’ legal obligations and the consequences of neglect.

Professor Seth C. Oranburg explores the boardroom as the corporation’s power center, detailing the board’s three core responsibilities: setting strategy, hiring/firing the CEO, and overseeing risk. He breaks down fiduciary duties (care, loyalty, and oversight), distinguishes inside vs. outside directors, and uses cases like Paramount v. Time (strategic mergers), Disney/Ovitz (CEO hiring failures), and Theranos (oversight lapses) to illustrate successes and disasters. The episode stresses boards’ legal obligations and the consequences of neglect.

In this introductory episode, Professor Seth C. Oranburg demystifies corporate governance as the ”operating system” of corporations, explaining its role in balancing power among shareholders, boards, and executives. He highlights its real-world impact through examples like Boeing’s safety failures, Theranos’s fraud, and Enron’s collapse, emphasizing how governance shapes economies, industries, and accountability. The episode motivates the season by posing key questions—who runs companies, and what happens when it goes wrong?—while previewing topics like fiduciary duties, activism, and takeovers.

Professor Seth C. Oranburg wraps the series with a bonus on variants: professional forms (LLPs, PLLCs, PCs) for licensed pros balancing malpractice liability; social enterprises (B Corps, L3Cs) for mission-profit hybrids; and emerging DAO LLCs for blockchain governance. He recaps the matrix, reflects on trade-offs/jurisdictional complexity (e.g., Delaware exits), and poses questions on intriguing forms.

Professor Seth C. Oranburg delves into corporations as hierarchical powerhouses for scalability, requiring articles/bylaws for formation and offering limited liability. Analyzing via the framework, he covers board/shareholder control, share-based financials, perpetual continuity, high liquidity (especially public stock), and statutory mergers—suited for public companies but with formalities.

Join Professor Seth C. Oranburg as he examines limited partnerships, designed for separating investors (limited partners with liability shields) from managers (general partners with unlimited exposure). Through the framework, he discusses filings for formation, tiered liability/control, proportional financials, term-based continuity, low liquidity, and consensus-driven mergers—ideal for funds like VC or real estate.

Professor Seth C. Oranburg explores general partnerships as the simplest entity, forming accidentally via conduct with no filings needed. Using the 7-issue framework, he covers unlimited liability, equal control/financial rights, fragile continuity, low liquidity, and merger challenges, highlighting risks and suitability for low-stakes, trust-based ventures.