In 18th century England, Mary Toft defied all medical odds when she started giving birth to rabbits.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

When the plague broke out again in the late 19th century, scientists dissected buboes, bodies, and fleas… and found the source of the Black Death. The disease had already killed millions throughout Europe and Asia. In 1900, it reached San Francisco. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

It was one of the most lethal pandemics in global history. The bubonic plague’s devastating spread in 6th and 14th century Europe paved the way for how we handle outbreaks today — though patients in medieval times saw no sign of a cure.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In July 2013, a 12-year-old girl from Arkansas was diagnosed with a rare and deadly brain-eating amoeba known as Naegleria fowleri. Her exposure came from a local water park, but brain-eating amoebas are lurking everywhere — including our own faucets. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Progeria is a rare disorder that causes children's bodies to age and deteriorate quickly. Those with the condition have a life expectancy of 13 years. We follow the journey of one patient, Hayley Okines, who dedicated her short life to helping others battle the disease. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

For these patients, rooms shrink, bodies grow disproportionately large, and objects appear farther than they are. Many believe author Lewis Carroll had this condition, and that it inspired the classic tale for which the syndrome was named.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Modern day researchers are still trying to explain what happened in 17th century Salem. Many have blamed the event on mass hysteria, but one doctor points to an outbreak of a fungus called ergot — the same organism used to create LSD. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In 17th century Massachusetts, three young girls experienced strange symptoms –– prickling of the skin, convulsions and trance-like states. Before long, dozens were complaining of the same ailments, and accusations of witchcraft started to emerge. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

This psychological condition, also known as "Walking Corpse Syndrome" causes people to suffer from disturbing delusions. Many feel that their bodies are void of blood or organs, while other patients are convinced they're dead and stuck in the world of the living. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The earliest description comes from a 16th century British pamphlet, featuring a Welsh widow with a four-inch-long growth protruding out of her forehead. Cutaneous horns were originally regarded as divine punishment, or a spectacle to be paraded around. In more recent decades, doctors have worked to understand the variety of decidedly less supernatural causes.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the wake of 9/11, one man’s exposure to a rare and deadly illness sparked widespread panic in the U.S. On September 19th, Bob Stevens opened a letter containing a strange white powder. A week later, he was fighting for his life as a victim of a biological weapon. It left many wondering who was responsible… and would they be next?  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

With Dr. Walter Freeman’s invention in the 1940s, psychologists could perform a transorbital lobotomy from the comfort of their office… with an ice pick through the eye.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the 1940s, Portuguese neurologist António Egas Moniz received the Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking new treatment: the prefrontal lobotomy. His procedure was adopted by hospitals all over the world—but the treatment was controversial, and came to be known as one of medicine’s greatest mistakes.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the early 1990s, Brooke Greenberg was born with a rare condition that kept her from aging. Her condition was accompanied by inexplicable conditions that doctors couldn't connect: seizures, ulcers, tumors… And by her 16th birthday, she was still the size of a toddler.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Over 100,000 people die from Alzheimer's Disease in the United States alone. Doctors are feverishly working to try and understand the disease in hopes of finding a cure. But the human brain holds many mysteries, and the results so far haven't been promising. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In 1901, a 51-year-old woman named Auguste Deter shuffled into a German asylum. She had forgotten nearly everything about her life: where she lived, her husband's name, and how old she was. She was put into the care of revolutionary psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

During WWII, two Polish scientists raced to find a vaccine to end typhus once and for all. In Switzerland, another scientist discovered the pesticidal possibilities of a chemical called DDT. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the sixteenth century, sporadic outbreaks of a deadly fever crippled armies and altered the political landscape of Western Europe. Centuries later, a British surgeon reshaped the world’s understanding of how disease spread—and uncovered the key to fighting typhus. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Today, doctors still work to understand what causes Phantom Limb Pain—and whether it can be cured in all cases. Innovative treatments like Mirror Therapy, and Virtual and Augmented Reality offer insights into how it can be cured.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the mid-1500s, French surgeon Ambroise Paré realized patients who survived an amputation could still feel their missing limbs. Doctors theorized for centuries about the phenomenon, driven by one question: How do you treat a limb that doesn’t exist? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices