Here are some basic troubleshooting steps for finding and fixing ground faults in the T-MEIC Inverter- PV system.
This audiobook discusses the reasons for colonizing space. By "colonizing space" I argue that we must persistently inhabit at least one orbiting habitat for several important reasons. Primarily for the manufacturing and launching of deep-space craft. Secondarily for energy production; research; development; and human expansion. Here I argue that it is more feasible to build space habitats than colonizing other "hostile" planets. Gravity, breathable air, and other commodities may be easier to provide in space habitats as compared to the surface of the moon, Mars or Venus. This audiobook is a survey of important reasons to go and stay in space.Hector Vladimir 2015-2025©https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgKhttp://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechhttps://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByronPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimirSubstack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
How to find and repair ground faults in solar PV systems. An article by Fluke.com/Renewable energy/Solar power. See link below. Here I read the entire article and present meticulously prepared diagrams and photographs to help you find and repair ground faults in a utility scale PV system. This procedure may help you find and repair ground faults in smaller, commercial or residential PV systems. This article also goes over the test results to expect from a normal PV string, and a ground faulted PV string. It goes over the current, voltage, and resistance tests used to locate ground faults. First some definitions. A PV array is the entire collection of PV strings including all modules that combine in a single combiner box. The module is the individual solar panel, and the string is the collection of modules connected in series within an array. A combiner box is the point where all strings of an array meet, and each negative wire home run is combined at a single negative bus bar. Same with the positive string home runs, they all combine in a positive busbar in the combiner box. An inverter is the device that all combiner boxes outgoing feeder cables go to. Many combiner boxes feed one central inverter, when the central inverter is used in the PV system. If a string inverter is used instead, strings go the string inverter, instead of the combiner box. Again, many strings may feed a string inverter. A ground fault, is an unintentional connection between a current carrying conductor and non-current grounded part of the system, such as racking, the inverter, or metal conduits. Grounded parts are generally metallic and can easily carry current. However, in a PV system, grounded parts are generally grounded to provide a path to ground in case of a lightning strike. When a current is transferred to a grounded part of a PV system, it may cause high currents, heating, and potentially a fire. For this PV systems have ground fault detection and interruption (GFDI) devices. Which detect and send a signal for the system to shut down, to prevent these mentioned hazards. This article tells you what ground faults are, types of ground faults, several techniques on how to find them, how to repair them. Voltage testing, insulation or resistance testing, live-dead-live, and other procedures are explained here too.Source:How to find and repair ground faults in solar PV systems | Flukehttps://www.fluke.com/en-us/learn/blog/renewable-energy/how-to-find-ground-faults-in-pv-systems?srsltid=AfmBOopcZtYrf3pgqD9byW_pgigVarF_ekkmBMAH3xcK1mJHFd4CDodlLockout Tagout procedure:https://www.fluke.com/en-us/learn/blog/renewable-energy/solar-panel-safety-lockout-tagoutKeywords: solar, energy, renewable, ground fault, pv system, pv array, pv string, insulation test, voltage test, megger, ohm, meter, voltage, resistance, current, current test, live dead live, megohmmeter, voltmeter, ammeter, ohmmeter, intermittent ground fault, hard ground fault, residual current device, rcd, gfdi, ground fault detection interrupter.Read and edited by Hector Vladimir, June 2025.Hector Vladimir 2025©https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgKhttp://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechhttps://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByronPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimirSubstack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
Living Off the Grid in the City Radio Show (Legacy). Here I discuss off grid batteries and PV systems in some detail. How flooded lead acid batteries work is explained. Also, battery bank connection options and their use is discussed. I go over why loads may be more convenient. Lastly. I discuss advantages of rooftop and ground based PV installations. https://www.youtube.com/hbcsolarpvtechbyron
https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61552559207892
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5tJy1BbtZaohmLi5F0-DFZ
Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir
Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
For information purposes only. Always follow appropriate and applicable regulatory code for all installations, modifications, and fabrications. For US electrical installations follow the codes of the authority having jurisdiction. For international electrical installations follow the codes of your region’s electrical authority. Hector Vladimir 2025©
Living Off the Grid in the City Radio Show (Legacy)
https://www.youtube.com/hbcsolarpvtechbyron
https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61552559207892
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5tJy1BbtZaohmLi5F0-DFZ
Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir
Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
For information purposes only. Always follow appropriate and applicable regulatory code for all installations, modifications, and fabrications. For US electrical installations follow the codes of the authority having jurisdiction. For international electrical installations follow the codes of your region’s electrical authority.
Hector Vladimir 2025©
Electricity & Electronics - Complete course. Chapter 4 - Energy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc54c0KickL3saW38wORiLXQ
https://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/cdn-1487945020009/electricity-electronics-2009/
Electricity & Electronics, 10th Edition
Authors: Howard H. Gerrish, William E. Dugger Jr. and Richard M. Roberts
Electricity & Electronics presents solid, up-to-date information on the fundamentals of electricity and electronics. The dual approach of this text teaches principles and theory accompanied by hands-on learning. Text content provides a thorough grounding in electrical principles, circuitry, and components. Additional topics include electronic communication and data systems, such as radio, television, and computers. A full chapter in this edition is devoted to microcontrollers.
Narrated - edited by Hector Vladimir 2018-2025©
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgK
http://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech
https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir
Substack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
Living Off the Grid in the City Radio Show (Legacy)
https://www.youtube.com/hbcsolarpvtechbyron
https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61552559207892
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5tJy1BbtZaohmLi5F0-DFZ
Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir
Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
For information purposes only. Always follow appropriate and applicable regulatory code for all installations, modifications, and fabrications. For US electrical installations follow the codes of the authority having jurisdiction. For international electrical installations follow the codes of your region’s electrical authority.
Hector Vladimir 2025©
Living Off the Grid in the City. Here I discuss methods, options, and some requirements; to have, or build, a home off the grid and have it be self-sustained. Most homes are on “life support”, depending on an array of “connected” services such as for water, fuel, energy, sewage. But, here I argue, how this does not have to be the case. It is possible to have your home, your most significant and biggest investment, be self sustained. This means that your home does not have to be connected to utility water, energy, and sewage. You may extract and collect water and energy from natural sources, like ground water, rain and the sun. You may also grow food within your home, yard or a green house. A home may be constructed with some availabe resources. If you have the time, stregth and freedom to do so, building a home from the ground up is probably the best option for you to use your areas resources more efficiently. For example, if you live in a windy and rainy area, harnessing the wind and rain may be build into your home. Or if you live in a sunny dry area, harnessing the sunlight for energy, light, and food growing; may be built into your home.
Living Off the Grid in the City Radio Show (Legacy)
https://www.youtube.com/hbcsolarpvtechbyron
https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61552559207892
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5tJy1BbtZaohmLi5F0-DFZ
Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir
Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
For information purposes only. Always follow appropriate and applicable regulatory code for all installations, modifications, and fabrications. For US electrical installations follow the codes of the authority having jurisdiction. For international electrical installations follow the codes of your region’s electrical authority.
Hector Vladimir 2025©
2015 audio book on the reasons to colonize space by building orbiting habitats near earth.
By Hector Vladimir 2015, 2022
Electricity & Electronics - Complete Course https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc54c0KickL3saW38wORiLXQhttps://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/cdn-1487945020009/electricity-electronics-2009/Electricity & Electronics, 10th EditionAuthors: Howard H. Gerrish, William E. Dugger Jr. and Richard M. RobertsElectricity & Electronics presents solid, up-to-date information on the fundamentals of electricity and electronics. The dual approach of this text teaches principles and theory accompanied by hands-on learning. Text content provides a thorough grounding in electrical principles, circuitry, and components. Additional topics include electronic communication and data systems, such as radio, television, and computers. A full chapter in this edition is devoted to microcontrollers.Narrated - edited by Hector Vladimir 2018-2025©https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgKhttp://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechhttps://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByronPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimirSubstack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
On this last episode of this series, I discuss the possible human factors on an interstellar voyage, and how they may affect the mission. I also discuss just a few of the possibilities of humanity among the stars. By Hector Vladimir 2025©
Challenges with Interstellar Travel – Giga-power sources, automation, and space medicine. In this episode, as a layman I explore a few still-valid and major hurdles that prevent us from moving forward with plans to travel to other star systems. Those of inadequate power sources, weak and far-behind automated or highly-autonomous systems, and our lack of ultra-advanced space medicine systems. An effective energy source, for interstellar-scale ship construction and to actually power the ship, still evades us. We hardly can provide energy for all of us here on earth, let alone our ability to balloon our energy production and take that energy to outer space. Our automated systems may be amazing to us laypeople. But a deeper look at them render them as rare, incapable of much, and extremely fragile and unreliable. Our computers are error prone, and human intervention is needed for the most rare and advanced systems in a few places on earth. So, the widespread availability of these system and the robust reliability, necessary for an interstellar program, seems to be far far away. Lastly, space medicine, although we laypeople see it as advanced, in reality is not that different from what we see here on earth. In reality, I believe it is much less advanced that earth based medicine. For example, he can hardly perform simple surgery in space, let alone think that we can replace organs there. And, human birth, which must be a non-issue for long duration space flight, has been little talked about in the context of space travel. Let alone hoping to carry human births in space any time soon. In short, these 3 major areas present more than daunting challenges to crewed interstellar travel, these and other hurdles utterly prevent it.Hazards of Space TravelChannel https://www.youtube.com/@sparkyae1Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5foyq8ccjATrgVnt3Gy9KDChannel https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechChannel https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechbyronHector Vladimir 2025©
Earth based rocket system are wholly inadequate to launch star bound ships. Their size and complexity make it prohibitively resource intensive. So, in orbit structures are necessary to build and launch interstellar ships. Sadly, we are hopelessly unable to even begin building such structures. Our current energy production and other requirements keep us far short of the mark. Interstellar travel will likely require protection from space debris. At slow speeds protection from intercepting bodies is necessary, and at high speeds protection from even small particles is crucial. An impact with a high energy particle at relativistic speeds may be catastrophic. So, large scale shields need to be designed, constructed and deployed for interstellar ships. But, we currently lack the will, the capacity, and the resources to engage in such endeavors.
Hector Vladimir 2025©
Channel https://www.youtube.com/@sparkyae1
Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5foyq8ccjATrgVnt3Gy9KD
Channel https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech
Channel https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechbyron
https://www.youtube.com/@evnewsworld
See our Facebook page at
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61573202762359
Spotify podcast
https://open.spotify.com/show/06bGlzsgamDKtBDdGsvd3V
Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir
Please go to this show's Spotify podcast:
https://open.spotify.com/show/06bGlzsgamDKtBDdGsvd3V
Please subscribe on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/@evnewsworld
Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir
Nissan and Honda are considering a possible merger in the automotive world, which has generated divergent opinions. Carlos Ghosn, former boss of Nissan, has shared his critical opinion about this alliance in an interview with Bloomberg. Ghosn argues that he does not see a pragmatic logic in the agreement, since he considers that there are not many synergies between the two companies. According to him, they are in the same markets, have similar products and very similar brands.
Ghosn also believes that Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) is promoting this merger to strengthen the Japanese economy, although Honda does not like the idea. Although he recognizes the influence of METI in Japan, Ghosn does not see an industrial logic behind this alliance and believes that control is prioritized over performance.
Ghosn, known for his daring escape from Japan while awaiting trial on financial charges at Nissan, is unsurprisingly critical of the company in his interview. He believes that Nissan's results in recent years are not a good testament to the team's strengths.
Although neither Nissan nor Honda have made official statements about the possible merger, the brands have been collaborating for some months. However, Ghosn highlights that a merger would go beyond sharing ideas and would be a challenge for both companies. He points out that Honda is strong in engineering and Nissan takes pride in its own engineering, which would trigger a battle to decide which technologies the new company would adopt.
In short, Carlos Ghosn is skeptical of a possible merger between Nissan and Honda, arguing that there are no complementarities between the two companies and that the METI drive is based on economic control rather than performance. In addition, he highlights that the battles related to the merger would focus on the choice of technologies to adopt due to the engineering competencies of both companies.
EV New World 2025
Hector Vladimir 2025©
https://youtube.com/@evnewsworld?si=Aoj4jJKb5eHaCw2R
Source:
https://www.motor1.com/news/745186/ghosn-nissan-honda-partnership-desperate-move/
Hector Vladimir 2025©
https://www.youtube.com/@evnewsworld
Please see our Facebook page at
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61573202762359
Please go to this show's Spotify podcast:
https://open.spotify.com/show/06bGlzsgamDKtBDdGsvd3V
Please subscribe on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/@evnewsworld
Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir
Welcome to EV News World. This channel’s content will be bringing tech- centered news, reviews and information from around the Electric Vehicle world. This content will be free of the hype, and focused on the details that matter: the value, quality, and efficiency of current EV tech. I will bring you unbiased and down-to-earth EV information, highlighting the developments and technologies under the hood of EVs. In other words, here we’ll discuss the things that matter: the EV motor, its power source, and the many features that make EVs safer, more-efficient, smarter, and a better value. Here, I’ll save you the hassle of all the hype found “out there”. I’ll omit the “chatter”, the “flash”, the “looks”; and dive right into the most important details behind each EV. So, “get in, put on your seat belt, and let’s ride!” Let’s get started! This is perhaps the automotive industry’s biggest story, may be of the century. Where a giant international conglomerate, like Nissan, found itself in a dire and potentially deadly financially situation because of many simple foreseeable factors, and plainly dumb decisions. Perhaps for the first time in its illustrious and rich 113-year history, this car maker was on the verge of collapse. This is bigger than most news outlets make it, perhaps the first domino that could potentially threaten an entire nation’s financial stability. So, drastic actions are being taken. These are so desperate that only a compliant media and cool and calculated theatrics may hide its true magnitude. This is a chess battle of titans, and we may be witnessing the endgame. Let’s follow this story carefully and see where the entire car industry is actually headed.Honda and Nissan have confirmed plans to merge into the world's third largest automaker by sales. This deal is a relief for Nissan, which has been facing financial difficulties due to declining sales in recent years. In addition to Honda and Nissan, Mitsubishi could also be involved in this merger. This partnership is based on a memorandum of understanding signed by the two companies. It is worth mentioning that earlier this year, Honda and Nissan had already signed an agreement for the joint development of electric vehicles and automotive software. Negotiations for this merger will take place over the next six months, with the goal of completion by August 2026. Honda and Nissan representatives have not provided further comment on these merger plans.Japanese automakers Honda and Nissan have announced plans to merge to become the world's third largest automaker by sales. In an effort to compete with companies such as China's BYD and Tesla in the electric vehicle market, Honda and Nissan are looking to cut costs and make up lost ground. Honda's president has stated that the two companies will attempt to unify their operations under a joint holding company, while retaining each company's principles and brands. A formal merger agreement is expected to be reached by June 2026.EV New World 2025Hector Vladimir2025©
https://youtube.com/@evnewsworld?si=Aoj4jJKb5eHaCw2R
Sources:
https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63265051/honda-nissan-confirm-merger-plans/
https://apnews.com/article/japan-nissan-honda-evs-foxconn-782913451d6487ed177a3517a9ba5be5
Here, I explore NASA’s five hazards of space flight. Radiation, gravity fields, distance from earth, isolation, and hostile environments. Radiation. The large and severe hazard of radiation. Ionizing radiation is zipping through space unabated and endlessly from the moment we leave the earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic field. It causes all kinds of harm to cells which cause deadly illnesses like cancer. Radiation shielding is an option, but one that is undeveloped and primitive currently. We are yet to build any space craft with radiation shielding adequate for long term space flight. Gravity. Changing and weak gravity fields remain debilitating problems for astronauts. Too much, too little, or shifting gravity harm the human body. The more often and longer the body is exposed to these irregular gravity fields, the more the body decays and vital systems are strained. Artificial gravity or even adequate centrifugal force gravity are undeveloped technologies as of now. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with low gravity, as they may mutate much faster and morph into deadly strains. Isolation. Isolation will likely be inevitable is early deep space missions. Space is vast and distances to other planets are bafflingly large. And, problems of stress, crew health, and crew interactions remain unsolved problems. Germs, disease and bacteria remain health problems with isolation. Communication and many other human factors are also unsolved problems with isolation in space flight. Distance from earth. The distances that humans will need to traverse to go to places like mars and beyond are vast. No human has traveled so far and for so long while isolated in a small spacecraft. Our current propulsion technologies are primitive and wholly inadequate to achieve speeds that would allow for shorter travel times to mars and beyond. Round trip times remain over 24 months at the very least. And, the distance of other celestial bodies are much more. So, our technology would need to leap ahead to shorten these vast travel times or to make the travel less harmful to the human body. Hostile environments. Finally, hostile and confined spaces. That will be very hard to overcome. Our current technology limits the size of any spacecraft. And, rocket power limits us to very small payloads to be lifted into space. This severely curtails the size of any trans mars' ships. Again, bacteria, germs, and disease pose threats to human health in confined spaces. They can evolve rapidly to very harmful strains in the micro-gravity of space. And, confined spaces may bring conflict and unearth many disagreements among the crew. Natural human traits may allow hostility and violence onboard. Hector Vladimir 2024
Living Off the Grid in the City Radio Show. Top 10 reasons why EVs are superior to ICEs. EVs are about the same in price as ICEs. EVs are safer and have more convenience features as standard. EVs are quieter and have a smoother, and more responsive ride. And, EVs are simpler, easier to maintain, and cheaper to service. EVs are much more efficient than ICEs, making them a smarter and environmentally friendly choice. Hector Vladimir 2024 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5tJy1BbtZaohmLi5F0-DFZ Music by Canibus, Cemantics Canibus - "Cemantics" Produced by Stoupe of Jedi Mind Tricks [Official Audio] Hector Vladimir 2015-2024© https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgK http://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechhttps://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir Substack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
Living Off the Grid in the City. Top 10 reasons why you should choose an electric vehicle EV over an ICE. EVs are, hands down, a better choice for those ready to start driving a personal, or commercial vehicle. EVs cost less to own and operate on average, with some exceptions of course. EVs cost less to maintain because there are generally less systems to maintain. Also, charging an EV is still cheaper than gasing up your car. EVs are quieter and have packed more safety and comfort technology for similar cost internal combustion engined vehicles ICEs. EVs are also more efficient and friendlier to the environment, which take the top 2 places why you should make the smarter choice, EVs.
Hector Vladimir 2024©
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5tJy1BbtZaohmLi5F0-DFZ
https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech
https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron
Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir
Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/
For information purposes only. Always follow appropriate and applicable regulatory code for all installations, modifications, and fabrications. For US electrical installations follow the codes of the authority having jurisdiction. For international electrical installations follow the codes of your region’s electrical authority.
https://youtu.be/tt01mF15wzM Electricity and Electronics complete course - Learn all the basic concepts of electricity and electronics. Become an electronics technician and work, build, and create electrical and electronic circuits, devices, and machines. From electrical systems to computers and robotics, electronics and electricity is the foundation of it all. Chapter 2 Review and Review Questions. This chapter introduced electrical safety and the use of electrical meters. Volt-meters, am-meter ohm-meters, volt-ohm-meters (VOMS), and (FETVOMS) are discussed. Their use, care, and principals of operations are introduced. Also, electrical safety concepts like grounding, electrical shock, and CPR were discussed. These and other concepts are demonstrated, and easy to understand real life examples are give. Hector Vladimir 2017, 2024© https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc54c0KickL3saW38wORiLXQ All material given here is read from the textbook Electricity and Electronics 10th Edition (ISNB 1590708849) by Gerrish, Dugger, and Roberts. (2009). For educational and training purposes only.