Coefficient of performance (COP), heat loads, and efficiency assessments in refrigeration systems
Isentropic and polytropic expansion, and conduction/convection/radiation heat transfer
Gas law applications, ideal gas behavior, and thermodynamic property relationships
Energy balances in turbines, compressors, nozzles, and heat exchangers
Steam properties, isentropic processes, and enthalpy/entropy analysis
Power cycle fundamentals, efficiency calculations, and applications in power generation
Heat load, coefficient of performance (COP), and energy balance methods
System interlocks, refrigerant safety, pressure controls, and maintenance
Components of vapor compression systems and their function in industrial settings
Compressor types, applications, interstage cooling, and system design
Fuses, breakers, relays, and safety protocols in plant electrical systems
Step-up/down transformer operation, core types, cooling, and protection
Induction and synchronous motors, torque-speed curves, and starting methods
Synchronous generator design, excitation systems, and grid connections
DC motor/generator construction, operation, and control
AC principles, sine waves, impedance, power factor, and system behavior
Scrubbers, precipitators, NOx control, and carbon reduction techniques
Emission monitoring, stack sampling, and regulatory compliance tools
Flame detection, safety interlocks, and automatic shutoff mechanisms
Burners, draft fans, ID/FD fans, and air control systems
