In this episode, we break down recommendations 21 to 30 from the 2025 American Thyroid Association guidelines on differentiated thyroid cancer management. Key topics include:

• Preoperative discussion of surgical risks, including nerve and parathyroid injury

• Preoperative and postoperative voice assessment and laryngeal examination

• Intraoperative nerve identification and monitoring strategies

• Parathyroid preservation and autotransplantation, with calcium and vitamin D supplementation

• Avoidance of routine thyroidectomy drains

• Pathology reporting beyond AJCC staging, including vascular invasion, nodal status, and histologic subtypes

• Updated 2025 risk stratification and ATA response criteria

• Postoperative thyroglobulin measurement for guiding further management