In this episode, we review key updates from the 2025 American Thyroid Association guidelines on surgical management for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

• Surgery by tumor size: lobectomy for small, low risk tumors; total thyroidectomy for larger or advanced tumors

• Thyroglossal duct carcinoma: Sistrunk procedure and thyroidectomy for higher risk cases

• Central and lateral neck lymph node surgery: therapeutic vs. prophylactic approaches

• General surgical principles: avoid overtreatment, preserve thyroid function, and maximize oncologic control

• Numbers to remember: tumor sizes, surgical approaches, and key risk based strategies