In this episode, Sam Ashoo, MD and T.R. Eckler, MD discuss the April 2025 Emergency Medicine Practice article, Sodium Disorders in the Emergency Department: A Review of Hypernatremia and HyponatremiaHypernatremia (High Sodium Levels)* Definition: Sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L* Breakdown into three categories based on total body water statusHypovolemic HypernatremiaEuvolemic HypernatremiaHypervolemic Hypernatremia* Common causes and conditions associatedHyponatremia (Low Sodium Levels)* Definitions: Mild (130-135 mEq/L), Moderate (125-129 mEq/L), Profound (< 125 mEq/L)* Breakdown into three categoriesPseudo HyponatremiaHypovolemic HyponatremiaEuvolemic HyponatremiaHypervolemic Hyponatremia* Common causes and conditions associatedTreatment Guidelines and Strategies* Emphasizing slow correction to avoid complications like cerebral edema and osmotic demyelination syndrome* Suggested treatment rates for acute and chronic conditionsSpecial Considerations* Addressing severe cases and the importance of proper diagnostics* Pre-hospital care considerations and scenarios* Pediatrics and consideration of child abuse in sodium disordersFive Things That Will Change Your Practice* Central lab sodium values over point-of-care for accuracy* Rectal temperature checks in endurance athletes* Loop diuretics for hypervolemic hyponatremia (e.g., CHF patients)* Enteral treatment for hypernatremia, if possible* Considering COVID-19 as a possible cause for new onset SIADH