Sometimes it’s good to back up and ask the basic questions: How do we know Iran was even developing nuclear weapons?

On this episode of the show, the Arms Control Wonk Jeffrey Lewis walks us through the history of the Iranian nuclear (weapons and energy) program. It’s got it all: diplomacy, assassinations, cowardly politicians, and uranium fever.

Lewis is a professor at the Middlebury Institute, member of the National Academies Committee on International Security and Arms Control, and former member of the State Department's International Security Advisory Board. He knows the tale well and he’s here to tell it straight.

• Damning the strikes with faint praise.
• “The hard part of a nuclear weapon is not the explodey part.”
• Making a nuclear weapon is a solved problem.
• The Iran-Iraq war and the origins of Iran’s nuclear weapons program
• The ladders of Natanz, how they cascade down
• Energy programs are always bigger than weapons programs.
• Unmasking the International Atomic Energy Agency
• Israel’s war on the program
• How to enrich uranium
• The “torturous” process behind the Iran deal
• Congressional cowards
• “A new generation of suckers”
• The French movie goodbye

The Deal

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Pauline Shanks Kaurin PhD. was, until recently, the Stockdale Chair for Professional Military Ethics at the U.S. Naval War College. She’d been there since 2018, teaching philosophy and ethics to U.S. military officers and the occasional civilian. Then came Donald Trump, Pete Hegseth, and marching orders she said stifled academic freedom.

So she resigned.

On this episode of Angry Planet, Pauline talks us through her decision and tells us what she saw from the inside of one of the U.S. military’s most lauded academic institutions as the new administration seeks to restrict what’s taught in the classroom.

• Disclosures and caveats
• “A moral dilemma I couldn’t resolve”
• On Obedience
• Admiral James Stockdale
• “We’re all in vacation mode.”
• “The snitch line”
• Purging books, telling professors what not to talk about
• “I don’t want to be on Fox News”
• It happened fast
• Suggestions of pulling manuscripts at the editor
• What happens to a military that isn’t taught honor and ethics?
• Compliance versus deference
• Avoiding discomfort as a policy position
• Disagreements as combat
• A heavy metal argument
• The cost of taking a moral stand
• “Everyday is ethics day”

A Military-Ethics Professor Resigns in Protest

Disgraceful Pardons: Dishonoring Our Honorable

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You can’t win a war with airpower alone, despite what the U.S. Air Force will tell you. For more than 100 years, the masters of the air have promised that military and political objectives can be achieved if you just let them drop enough bombs.

It’s a theory that’s been tested, and fallen short, many times. Operation Midnight Hammer, the Trump administration’s use of 14 GBU-57A/B Massive Ordnance Penetrators on Iranian nuclear sites, is just the latest test. The promise is that this has set back Iran’s nuclear program (it probably has) but Israel is hoping for much more—regime change in the Islamic Republic.

Time will tell, but I’m not betting on it.

On this episode of Angry Planet we zoom out and talk about the strategy behind airpower in the 21st century. Robert Farley, a Senior Lecturer at the University of Kentucky, is on the show today to give us his thoughts on the Iran strikes, airpower in general, and the lessons to be learned from watching the war in Ukraine.

• Should we abolish the independent Air Force?
• Was Israel’s war on Iran a success?
• Has airpower ever forced regime change?
• Curtis LeMay mentioned
• Bombing doesn’t create revolutionary fervor
• Airpower as theater
• “Israel-splaining”
• What’s a Golden Dome for anyway?
• Are FPV drones part of the air force arsenal or infantry weapons?

Strikes on Iran Show the Force, and Limits, of Airpower

Robert on PBS in Kentucky

Buy Grounded: The Case for Abolishing the United States Air Force

The Five-Ring Circus: How Airpower Enthusiasts Forgot About Interdiction

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The ocean is vast, beautiful, and lawless. Thousands of miles from any coast, power belongs to those who seize it.

On this episode of Angry Planet, journalist Ian Urbina stops by to discuss the Outlaw Ocean Project and the second season of its incredible podcast. Urbina and his team of investigative journalists are telling stories about human rights, labor, and the environment on the vast swaths of the planet covered in water.

• The hidden cost of the seafood supply chain
• Why the ocean is such a lawless place
• “Crimes at the intersection of environment and human rights.”
• Libya is “hell on earth” for migrants
• Aliou’s journey to Libya
• How Europe enables Libyan militias to police its borders
• The migration to slavery pipeline
• A team of journalists at gunpoint
• Life on a Chinese squid fishing vessel
• Low tech and high tech reporting gets the job done
• “That is what life is like in that niche of hell.”

Listen to the Outlaw Ocean Podcast

Inside a migrant detention center in Libya

China: The Superpower of Seafood

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The futures of the past have curdled into the nightmares of the present. The richest and most powerful people the world has ever known want to colonize mars, live forever, and digitize human consciousness. To make these technological miracles come to pass, they say, will require people to dramatically change the way they live and work. Will it be worth it? Does science even say it’s possible?

On this Angry Planet, astrophysicist and author Adam Becker joins us to explain all the problems with Silicon Valley’s dreams of the future. It’s not a short list. Much of the tech, and even the physics, don’t work the way techno-utopians say it does. Some of the people hawking robot slaves and immortality are chasing the impossible for tragic personal reasons. Others are just trying to sell you something. It’s all the subject of Becker’s new book: More Everything Forever.

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• Franics Fukuyama and the end of everything
• “Death is the ultimate limit, the ultimate loss of control.”
• Moore’s law, the singularity, and Ray Kurzweil’s father
• The Face on Mars and large language models
• Elizas all the way down
• The false binaries of the tech bro future
• Silicon Valley’s lost boys
• “Death is avoidable and taxation is theft.”
• Stasis for me but not for thee
• “Mars sucks”

Against Life Extension by Francis Fukuyama

More Everything Forever on Bookshop

More Everything Forever on Amazon

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America loves the Western. Stories about frontier towns, outlaws and lawmen, and—most of all—killing. How did the myth and legend of the gunfighter come to permeate the U.S.? Were there rules to gunfights? How did you become famous by killing people? Did Texas, yes Texas, make all this possible?

We’ll answer those questions in this episode of the show as we discuss the new book The Gunfighters: How Texas Made the West Wild. It’s the work of returning guest (and Texan) Bryan Burrough.

• Texas is both the West and the South
• What made Texas so violent
• What, exactly, is a gunfighter?
• The rules of the duel
• “Boys, I’m killed”
• How to win friends while killin’ people
• “What is more equalizing than a man alone with a gun?”
• Olive, Isom Prentice
• Historiography of the gunfighter
• Modern bank robbers are boring
• The cattle business is the perfect vehicle for violence
• The future belongs ... to pirates?

Buy The Gunfighters from an independent bookstore or from Amazon

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Palantir, Anduril and a suite of other Tolkien-inspired tech nightmares want to integrate artificial intelligence into every aspect of the U.S. military. Both companies have software suites they’re pitching as agents that will help make command decisions during combat. An AI general, if you will.

Yes, that’s a terrible idea.

On this episode of Angry Planet, Cameron Hunter and Bleddyn Bowen will tell us why. Hunter is a researcher at the University of Copenhagen and Bowen is a professor of Astropolitics at Durham University. They’ve just written a paper that skewers the idea that AI will ever be able to make command decisions.

• The narrow definition of AI
• The folly of the AI general
• The games AI can’t win
• “Targeting things is a command decision”
• The IDF’s use of Microsoft’s use of AI systems
• “The enemy gets a vote”
• Killing more doesn’t mean winning more
• American military as a “glass tank”
• Matthew gets lost in a rant
• “They don’t even have an animal’s intelligence”
• The very real military uses of AI

We’ll never have a model of an AI major-general: Artificial Intelligence, command decisions, and kitsch visions of war

Palantir’s pitch

Palmer Luckey on 60 Minutes

Scientists Explain Why Trump's $175 Billion Golden Dome Is a Fantasy

OpenAI Employees Say Firm's Chief Scientist Has Been Making Strange Spiritual Claims

Eastern Europe Wants to Build a ‘Drone Wall’ to Keep Out Russia

How Palantir Is Using AI in Ukraine

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The Pentagon has been trying to pivot to the Pacific for years now. Under President Donald Trump 2.0, who is focused on China, it just might happen. It’s a complicated body of water with dozens of players and a bloody history. One where Beijing is increasingly asserting itself.

Here to walk us through some of it is Angry Planet producer and Honolulu Star-Advertiser reporter Kevin Knodell. He’s just back from the Philippines where he spent two weeks reporting on a joint exercise between the U.S. and its allies in the Pacific.

• Balikatan
• 
  
• Training exercises as signalling
• How 40 years of Balikatan tells the story of U.S.-Philippines relations
• “There are definitely some places where it is about the fish.”
• The Chinese Maritime Militia
• Duterte vs Marcos in 2025
• Why America doesn’t understand China
• Russia’s imperial history in the Pacific (Kevin misspoke here, it’s Fort Elizabeth not Fort Alexandria)
• Why people like Pete Hegseth
• The Nine-Dash line
• 
• The century of humiliation
• Checking up on Red Hill

Hawaii troops forge alliances in Philippines

Army, allies ponder Pacific role

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Recorded 5/7/25

India and Pakistan have been unhappy neighbors since 1947 and Britain’s decolonization of the subcontinent. They’ve fought four wars and there have been countless skirmishes. As Indian jets streak over Pakistani skies and that Muslim nation threatens retaliation, it’s unclear if this is war or just another blip between nations that plain don’t like each other.

Joining us is Sushant Singh, a man with a background that includes academic, journalist and 20-year veteran in the Indian army. He’s written an article on the situation in Foreign Affairs, and brings us up to date.

• The state of play on the morning of May 7th
• The Pahalgam attack
• ‘The Switzerland of India’
• Matthew almost gets everyone into a lot of trouble
• How Pakistan creates instability in Kashmir
• The entire history of the conflict between India and Pakistan in about five minutes
• China’s looming presence
• ‘These are non-escaltory strikes’
• Comparing the militaries
• Getting into the nuclear options
• Pakistan’s tactical nuclear arsenal
• The incredible monetary cost of uncertain missile defense
• We go out on a happy note for once

More than 20 killed after gunmen open fire on tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir

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Great power competition has gotten old for President Donald Trump—never one for a fair fight. He’s looking for a little great power collusion instead, dividing the world with his best buds, Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping. This kind of thing isn’t new, though, Stacie Goddard, a professor at Wellesley, tells us, in fact it’s the 1800s on repeat. Well, look how that turned out… World War I, anybody?

BTW, check out her terrific article on this in Foreign Affairs magazine.

• Welcome to the Concert of Europe
• The post-Napoleon party
• A taxonomy of aspirational Germans
• Retvrn
• Strong men, weak world
• Government by Mafia
• What becomes of the “middle powers”?
• The era of aging dictators
• The long breakdown
• Empire without ickiness
• Turns out might does, in fact, make right
• 
  

The Rise and Fall of Great-Power Competition

The Concert of Europe

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Conquest is back baby! Eastern Europe, Taiwan, Greenland, Canada? It’s all on the table—and maybe up for grabs. Here to help us sort through this new age of empire building is University of Chicago political scientist Michael Albertus.

• As always, climate change
• Whither Canada?
• The coming Canadian century
• “Territorial ambitions sometimes bite back”
• The biggest caveats ever uttered on the show
• “An empire eats”
• The stories nations tell themselves
• “Getting more America”
• Picking the winners and losers
• A little optimism at the end
• How land confers power
• Those Were The Days
• The false promise of abundance

The Coming Age of Territorial Expansion

Land Power: Who Has It, Who Doesn’t, and How That Determines the Fate of Societies

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Turkey’s president has grabbed a bit more power for himself with the recent arrest of the mayor of Istanbul. The mayor was thought to be one of the few politicians who could challenge Erdogan.

Steven Cook will take us through it.

Talking about authoritarians is one of the things we do here, so strap in for another tale of turmoil on an angry planet.

• Shilling for kagi.com
• “Competitive authoritarianism”
• Negotiating with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party
• How to court the Kurdish vote while killing Kurds
• A stable of failsons
• “The Turkish Marc Andreessen”
• Why Erdogan hates Pennsylvania
• Disproving McDonald’s Diplomacy, once again
• Leveling a park to build a mall
• How Erdogan processed the Arab Spring
• “Fools, knaves, and rubes”—Oh my!

Turkey Can’t Live With, or Without, Erdogan

Ukraine Has Written a Folk Song About Its Drone

Turkey and Israel are becoming deadly rivals in Syria

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Special for our international listeners, did you know you can now buy a pathway to U.S. citizenship for the low, low price of $5 million sent directly to the U.S. treasury? For decades America’s immigration policies were a boon to its national defense. No one has better intelligence on a rival country than a fleeing dissident with firsthand knowledge.

Times have changed.

Gil Guerra of the Niskanen Center is here to talk all about those changes. It’s an episode packed with bizarre anecdotes and interesting tidbits about how America runs now. You’ll learn why evangelical Christians are turning their back on refugees, why China won’t accept deportation flights, and how to navigate the Darien Gap using short form video posts.

• Immigration is a foreign policy tool
• Dissident refugees as a strategic win
• What we know about how the “Gold Card” will work
• “You simply can’t create greencards out of nowhere.”
• How Mexico uses immigration to get concessions from the U.S.
• “At a certain point the people who send you into the blades look like the bastards.”
• Dealing with a dictator
• 20,000 Chinese nationals at the southern border
• The internet has made it easier to immigrate
• Navigating the Darien Gap, one TikTok video at a time

Op-ed: Trump’s gold card visa, explained

Domestic debate, global strategy: Revisiting immigration in U.S. foreign policy

China owns 380,000 acres of land in the U.S. Here's where

Weapons of Mass Migration

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For mercenaries, death is a business. It’s all about finding the right market. Wagner and other Russian mercenary groups have found willing markets in Africa. Journalist John Lechner spent years in Africa among the mercenaries and he’s on the show today to tell us about what he learned.

Lechner tells us how Wagner’s men think the U.S. media killed Prigozhin, why every theater (or market) is different, and the training regimen of a fresh convict recruit. It’s all in his new book Death Is Our Business: Mercenaries and the New Era of Private Warfare.

The threats change…but the mercenaries stay the same.

• Interlinking militant Islam and the rise of modern mercenaries
• Russian mercenaries before Wagner
• Prigozhin rising
• Putin’s Chef was the father of ‘Hybrid War’
• Wagner in Africa
• ‘No one said mercenary life was gonna be easy.’
• Life inside Wagner
• ‘Everyone has a plan until they get punched in the face.’
• You can’t judge intent by results
• The Russian “royal” court is full of self starters and entrepreneurs

The Tip of Russia’s Spear

Death Is Our Business

Pardoned for Serving in Ukraine, They Return to Russia to Kill Again

Taliban Bureaucrats Hate Working Online All Day, ‘Miss the Days of Jihad’

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A lot of the people designing America’s technology and close to the center of American power believe some deeply weird shit. We already talked to journalist Gil Duran about the Nerd Reich, the rise of the destructive anti-democratic ideology. In this episode, we dive into another weird section of Silicon Valley: the cult of Rationalism.

Max Read, the journalist behind the Read Max Substack, is here to help us through it. Rationalism is responsible for a lot more than you might think and Read lays out how it’s influenced the world we live in today and how it created the environment for a cult that’s got a body count.

• Defining rationalism: “Something between a movement, a community, and a self-help program.”
• Eliezer Yudkowsky and the dangers of AI
• What the hell is AGI?
• The Singleton Guide to Global Governance
• The danger of thought experiments
• As always, follow the money
• Vulgar bayesianism
• What’s a Zizian?
• Sith Vegans
• Anselm: Ontological Argument for God’s Existence
• SBF and Effective Altruism

READ MAX!

The Zizians and the Rationalist death cults

Pausing AI Developments Isn’t Enough. We Need to Shut it All Down - Eliezer Yudkowsky’s TIME Magazine piece

Explaining Roko’s Basilisk, the Thought Experiment That Brought Elon Musk and Grimes Together

The Delirious, Violent, Impossible True Story of the Zizians

The Government Knows AGI is Coming | The Ezra Klein Show

The archived ‘Is Trump Racist’ rational post

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The Israeli military is using AI products from Microsoft to conduct its war in Gaza. Off the shelf AI products powered by the tech company’s Azure cloud computing system and OpenAI are helping the IDF sort through data, translate Arabic, and even pick targets. But AI translations aren’t perfect and these systems often make mistakes.

What happens when the consequences are life and death?

Associated Press global investigative reporters Garance Burke and Michael Biesecker are part of a team that broke the story about Israel’s use of Microsoft’s commercial AI in a war. They’re on the show today to help us sort through it all.

• Defining “AI”
• Off the shelf solutions for war
• Microsoft Azure as war’s translator and search engine
• “The Israel military is one of the leading militaries in the world adopting the use of AI to assist in its war efforts. They’ve been doing this for years.”
• AI is picking targets
• Students to militants
• AI’s mistranslations
• Blaming AI for human sins
• Matthew’s vision of a hellish automated future
• Employees push back
• The money is just too good

How US tech giants supplied Israel with AI models, raising questions about tech’s role in warfare

As Israel uses US-made AI models in war, concerns arise about tech’s role in who lives and who dies

Microsoft workers protest sale of AI and cloud services to Israeli military

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We’re living in a bizarre age of technofascism. The richest man who has ever lived, a man who dreams of colonizing Mars with his children, is America’s CEO. Donald Trump, the man people voted for, is just the chairman of the board.

What does Elon Musk believe? Is there a playbook for DOGE? How bad are things going to get? On this episode of Angry Planet journalist Gil Duran, author of The Nerd Reich newsletter, walks us through what’s coming.

Over on The Shatter Zone, journalist and former Angry Planet guest Robert Evans has published a document that Democratic think tanks are passing around. It gives extra context to Duran’s reporting. All the major players and themes we talk about in this episode are there: Curtis Yarvin, Nick Land, the Butterfly Effect.

If you want to understand why so many federal workers are getting fired and the Silicon Valley ideology that’s infected D.C., then give us a listen.

• Curtis Yarvin’s unimpressive programming career
• “Democracy doesn’t work”
• Bullshit and cherries
• RAGE and Reboot
• The Chairman of the Board
• It’s always about the money
• “Move fast and break things” comes to D.C.
• The Engineer’s Disease
• Nick Land is mentioned and I’m sorry
• “Trump is more intellectual property than man.”
• The horror of comedy
• Selling the Nerd Reich to the Religious Right

The Nerd Reich

AI Video of Trump Sucking Musk's Toes Blasted on Government Office TVs

Trump’s AI Gaza Video Is the Tip of a Horrifying ‘Gaz-A-Lago’ Iceberg

Techno-Fascism Comes to America

Curtis Yarvin Says Democracy Is Done. Powerful Conservatives Are Listening.

'Reboot' Revealed: Elon Musk's CEO-Dictator Playbook

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President Donald Trump wants to build an American Iron Dome. He even signed an executive order to make it happen. It’s a terrible idea, one we’ve tried before, and one that will make America less safe.

In this episode, Joseph Cirincione returns to the program to detail his personal history with complicated and costly missile defense systems.

• It all starts during a snowstorm in 1982 and with the High Frontier
• Zombie defense pitches
• It’s almost impossible to knock a bullet out of space with a bullet
• How Israel’s Iron Dome works
• Slow and hot vs fast and cold
• Lasers don’t work, thanks Teller
• Pitch: lasers in space. Reality: missile batteries in Alaska
• These systems only work half the time and only under perfect conditions
• SpaceX contracts abound!
• A Pentagon Powerpoint slide enters chat
• Jason’s Superman reverie, starring Gene Hackman as Lex Luthor
• How do China and Russia react?
• “The enemy gets a vote.”
• The last arms control treaty
• Ronald Reagan: anti-nuclear advocate
• How SDI kept us from eliminating nuclear weapons
• Anatomy of an arms race
• AI is coming to nuclear command and control

Project 2025 and Trump Are Cooking Up a Recipe for a New Nuclear Arms Race

The Iron Dome for America Executive Order

The national missile defense fantasy—again

Proliferated Warfighter Space Architecture

Why the US General In Charge of Nuclear Weapons Said He Needs AI

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U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio is the interim head of USAID, for however much longer the agency lasts. For 60 years, the massive bureaucracy was a vehicle for American soft power abroad. Trump, Elon Musk, and all their creatures don’t like it. It might soon be gone.

Nicole Widdersheim is the deputy Washington director of Human Rights Watch with a long history of humanitarian work. She’s here on Angry Planet today to walk us through this new era of the American Empire.

• A brief history of USAID
• The size and cost of USAID
• Critiquing a bureaucracy
• People like you when you give them stuff
• Defense, diplomacy, development
• The real world consequences of the ending of foreign aid
• A mallet, not a scalpel
• Supporters need to get cynical
• USAID did a bad job of defending itself
• Americans don’t care about the human cost
• The Glorious Republic of Jasonvania wants food aid
• Congressionally approved rice to North Korea
• It turns out the cruelty is, in fact, the point
• At USAID, Waste and Abuse Runs Deep
• No one read those reports on Afghanistan
• How China’s “Belt and Road” actually works
• The end of USAID will screw over American farmers
• Trumpism is a lack of consistency 

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• The pros and cons of globalization
• The end of trust in the global system
• What was behind the WTO protests of the 1990s
• How 1999's WTO Protests Influenced the Policing of Protests Today
• China, China, China
• The Covid shock
• White goods?
• And we have to talk about McDonald’s
• How sanctions created the multipolar world
• “There’s no trust between the U.S., China, and Russia.”
• Autocrats or historical forces?
• Martyring Jack Ma
• What will happen to prices
• How to make a T-shirt
• How much would the iPhone cost if it were made in America?
• The Houthis attack on the global supply chain
• “I don’t know why you’re so sad about McDonald’s”

Goodbye Globalization: The Return of a Divided

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