One of the topics I'll discuss tonight is generosity and the Buddhist teachings on the importance of giving, non-attachment, and sharing. Generosity isn't limited to money—it's also about offering time, energy, and service. Consider: How do you practice generosity in your own life? Do you volunteer somewhere regularly? Do you give a portion of your income to organizations or nonprofits? In some traditions, such as tithing, people commit to giving 10% of their income. Reflect on whether you allocate a certain percentage of your resources to giving. Do you mentor others, sponsor someone, or offer your skills and help for free, simply out of a desire to serve? Maybe you find fulfillment in volunteering at an animal shelter, a hospice, or offering help wherever it's needed.

Take a moment to reflect on something from your past that was difficult, unpleasant, or even painful. It might have been truly challenging—perhaps even tragic—but somehow, in time, you ended up benefiting from it. You know those experiences that, while you’re in the thick of them, feel unbearable? Frustrating, painful, filled with loss or hardship. Yet when you look back, you realize that, despite all the difficulty, you grew. You learned something invaluable. Maybe you found sobriety, discovered meditation, started therapy—whatever it was, that hardship became the catalyst for positive change in your life.

I'm going to talk tonight about a few different things, but one of the main themes I've been reflecting on is what the Buddha calls "becoming"—this tendency of our mind to believe we'll finally be happy when we get somewhere else, when we become something else, when there's a destination to reach.

I'm going to touch on a few different topics tonight. I just returned from a retreat last week, and I’d like to share some reflections from that experience. One of the key themes I want to explore is the practice of making the Dharma, meditation, and the Eightfold Path—essentially the practices of Buddhism—a true priority in our lives.

Today, I will be discussing the concept of personal responsibility—the notion that we are accountable for our own happiness as well as our suffering. Buddhism presents a non-theistic approach to life, which frames this perspective. I encourage you to participate regardless of your beliefs; there is no requirement to identify as Buddhist or accept any specific doctrine. You are welcome to join us, explore these concepts, and maintain your current beliefs. I am always interested in examining our individual convictions, and I find it valuable for us to reflect on what we truly believe.

Tonight, I’d like to share a topic that serves as both an icebreaker and a way to connect more deeply with others. I’ll be speaking about Buddhism, specifically its core focus: freeing ourselves from suffering. Enlightenment or awakening in Buddhist thought is defined as reaching a state where we no longer create unnecessary suffering in our lives. While these ideas are interconnected, I’ll separate them for clarity in tonight’s discussion. To end suffering, we can cultivate two key practices: non-attachment to pleasure and compassion. Through meditation, we can develop compassion as a skill—learning to meet our pain with kindness and understanding. Similarly, we can practice non-attachment, letting go of the tendency to cling to pleasurable experiences. These two approaches together guide us toward a life of greater balance and freedom.

I had several ideas for Dharma talks for tonight, but none of them feel authentic to me at the moment. It seems like I was reaching for a topic instead of choosing one that I am passionate about and connected to. Therefore, instead of delivering a Dharma talk, I will conduct a Q&A session. However, the Q&A can take the form of a Dharma talk if the right questions are asked. You are welcome to ask any question, whether you are at home or in the room. Your questions can be about your Buddhist practice, your life, or topics on which you seek a Buddhist perspective. They can also address Buddhist teachings or any aspect of life you would like some Buddhist reflections on.

To initiate the meditation practice, it is important to understand the Four Noble Truths, which are central principles of Buddhist teachings. The first noble truth states that there is the existence of suffering, which can also be referred to as unhappiness. This level of unhappiness is natural and an inherent part of life, not attributable to personal fault. The second noble truth traditionally explains that the cause of suffering or unhappiness is craving and attachment. Clinging to desires results in unhappiness. The third noble truth asserts that it is indeed possible to overcome this suffering, often described as enlightenment or nirvana.

I prefer to begin class by providing a topic for discussion. Tonight, instead of delivering a planned Dharma talk, I will take topics from the group. For the small groups, consider what aspects of Buddhism or dharma life are on your mind. Think about questions you have, areas where your practice is evolving, or topics that are relevant to your life. Discuss these with each other.

Today is considered one of the most significant days in Buddhism. It is the most sacred day of the Buddhist calendar. Buddhists believe that the full moon in May marks three important events in the Buddha's life: his birth, enlightenment, and passing into Parinirvana. Different Buddhist traditions celebrate these events at various times, usually in the spring. Some observe it in April, some in May, and others in June. However, May is particularly significant for the Theravada and Thai Forest traditions.

Earlier, I asked a friend what I should discuss tonight. He mentioned feeling confused about his life and relationships and suggested talking about confusion. According to dictionary.com, confusion is defined as a lack of understanding or uncertainty, a disorderly jumble, or being unclear in one's mind about something.

Buddhism primarily concerns itself with the nature of suffering and the methods by which it can be alleviated through individual effort. The Buddha consistently emphasized that his teachings focused solely on the truth of suffering, its causes, and the path to end suffering. He often refrained from addressing more esoteric questions, stating that he was not an astrologer but a teacher of how we suffer and how we might overcome it. A thought worth reflecting upon is how much of our human suffering stems from taking things personally, even when they may indeed be personal matters. A significant portion of our distress arises from defending the self or ego.

Tonight, I would like to discuss creating positive change in the world and share some Buddhist reflections on the current state of the world and potential solutions. Is there anything we can do to address these issues? If so, what steps can we take?

Tonight, I'm going to talk about several things—maybe nine or twelve, we'll see. I have about twelve topics, but I might only get through nine of them. For those who've studied Buddhism, you're probably familiar with its core teachings, like the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Buddhism often presents information in lists—four of this, eight of that, twelve of these. Tonight, I'll share three or four lists of about three items each. It's useful that Buddhism is organized into lists, even though it can seem overwhelming at first. You might wonder how to memorize the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and its 27 subsections. Initially, it can feel a bit complicated.

Tonight, let's discuss the world and politics. How do you feel about the state of the world? It's a broad question. Are you optimistic, believing everything will turn out fine? Or are you pessimistic, thinking there's no hope and we're all doomed? Perhaps you lean towards a nihilistic view, feeling that nothing really matters…

We have discussed the five aggregates of being. Tonight, we will focus on the senses or sense doors related to mindfulness: seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, sensation, and mental and emotional processes. I would like to begin the class by encouraging you to engage in conversation with each other to build a sense of community, get to know one another, and connect for long-term relationships.

I am right now in a series on mindfulness. We're coming towards the end of it, but we're in the fourth foundation of mindfulness, the fourth aspect of the mindfulness meditation practices, and there's five aspects, and we're on the third part of the five. Hopefully it'll still make sense for those of you who are just showing up for the first time.

I'm gonna do a little bit of an abbreviated version of class tonight and probably end a little bit early because I'm going to a show. So we're gonna meditate fast and then I'm gonna talk fast and then we're gonna leave early. The second aspect of the fourth foundation of mindfulness, which is the seventh factor of the eightfold path. I know it's a lot of math, a lot of lists in Buddhism, which are kind of nice. Once you are studying Buddhism for a while, you can kind of start to organize like, okay, there's four noble truths.

 I'm gonna talk about the fourth foundation of mindfulness: Dhamma nupasana, dhamma, truth, mindfulness of the mind objects, what arises in our mind, what we become aware of when we meditate. It's several teachings in one. In the fourth foundation all of the Buddhist teachings are in these different lists and then sub lists. So this is the fourth part of the mindfulness list. Then there's five different lists within this fourth section. The first one is the five hindrances, the five things that make meditation difficult, that make happiness difficult, that make freedom from suffering difficult, that hinder our ability to see clearly and respond.

Tonight we're talking about mindfulness, the seventh factor of the Buddha's teachings. The Eightfold Path, the eight things that need to be practiced, developed, experienced in order to find liberation freedom. The seventh factor is mindfulness, and mindfulness is broken down into four categories.  Tonight we're on the third of the four categories, which is mindfulness of the mind.