Heart disease is the world’s biggest killer—and it often strikes without warning. It’s responsible for around 1 in 5 deaths in the US. While these figures are deeply worrying, heart disease is not inevitable.  Decades of research have unearthed many of the risk factors associated with heart health, like poor diet or a sedentary lifestyle. In this episode, Dr. Nour Makarem outlines the latest scientific discoveries in this field and unveils some less-familiar risk factors. Drawing from large-scale population data and the latest wearable tech, she uncovers what makes heart disease so hard to spot, and what we can do today to prevent it.  Nour is a cardiovascular epidemiologist at Columbia University, whose research focuses on how our behaviors—like sleep, stress, and daily rhythms—impact heart disease risk. Her research has helped shape the American Heart Association’s Essential Eight guide to heart health. Unwrap the truth about your food 👉 ⁠Get the ZOE app  🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30+ *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Follow ZOE on Instagram. Timecodes 00:00 What is heart health? 01:50 Can poor sleep make you age faster? 03:25 What is heart disease? 06:01 Why high blood pressure is called the ‘silent killer’ 07:44 Heart disease is the leading cause of death, but it’s highly preventable 08:54 How good lifestyle choices can add an extra decade of healthy life 10:32 Good heart health can make you biologically 6 years younger 12:19 The 6 pillars of good sleep you’ve never heard of 13:54 The shocking sleep habit that can double your risk of heart disease 15:02 How much can your sleep schedule vary before it becomes a risk? 16:19 Why how you feel about your sleep is a key health metric 19:43 The surprising link between not sleeping enough and gaining weight 22:02 Are sleep tracking devices actually helpful? 24:19 It's never too late to improve your heart health, even with bad genes 27:32 The best time to eat breakfast for a healthier heart 32:20 The American Heart Association's 8 essential habits for a healthy heart 33:39 The recommended amount of exercise you need per week 34:17 Is vaping a risk for your heart? 36:30 The growing health crisis almost 40% of people are facing 37:54 Cholesterol isn't the only number that predicts your heart attack risk 39:50 Why sleeping in is also bad for your heart health 40:55 Avoid these stimulants before bed for better quality sleep 42:12 The single most surprising risk factor for your heart 📚Books by our ZOE Scientists The Food For Life Cookbook Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector Free resources from ZOE Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition Gut Guide - For a Healthier Microbiome in Weeks  Mentioned in today's episode Redefining Cardiovascular Health to Include Sleep: Prospective Associations With Cardiovascular Disease in the MESA Sleep Study. Multidimensional Sleep Health Is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence and Cardiometabolic Health in US Adults. Variability in Daily Eating Patterns and Eating Jetlag Are Associated With Worsened Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles in the American Heart Association Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here. Episode transcripts are available here.