In this Vienna Coffee House Conversations episode, Ivan Vejvoda welcomes Professor Péter Krekó to discuss the emerging “post-Enlightenment” era, characterized by emotional, myth-driven politics that challenge the materialist, evidence-based order established since World War II. Krekó outlines how this shift gives rise to “new romanticism,” where policy debates are increasingly shaped by emotional narratives and skepticism toward scientific expertise. They then examine the mechanics of tribal politics, defined by moralized conflict between “good” and “evil,” unconditional loyalty to leaders, and the instrumental use of disinformation. Krekó shows how this dynamic reframes democratic transgressions as heroism, erodes accountability for corruption, and fuels the spread of conspiracies - even among those who privately doubt them. Turning to Hungary, Krekó analyzes the high-stakes contest ahead of the April 2026 parliamentary elections. He reviews Fidesz’s media dominance, fear-mongering campaigns on Ukraine’s EU accession and migration, and civil-society resilience exemplified by Budapest’s record-breaking Pride march. He argues that while authoritarian tactics are on the table, growing public appetite for independent voices -and an opposition polling lead - offer a real chance to reset Hungary’s democratic trajectory.

In this Vienna Coffee House Conversations episode, Ivan Vejvoda interviews Gerald Knaus about the origins, achievements, and current challenges of Europe’s border-free Schengen zone. Knaus recounts how the European Coal and Steel Community, the Treaty of Rome and the Schengen Agreement built a single market underpinned by mutual trust and shared law enforcement. He then assesses the strain placed on Schengen by the Syrian and Ukrainian refugee movements, and explains the collapse of the Dublin system under free movement. Turning to solutions, Knaus advocates centrist, humane control via safe-third-country agreements, expanded resettlement and labour migration in a Canadian/Australian model, and credible European deterrence independent of U.S. guarantees. He closes by arguing for clear, merit-based EU enlargement and better storytelling to engage younger Europeans on peace, security, and the climate.

In this Vienna Coffee House Conversation, Ivan Vejvoda speaks with journalist and former Europe's Futures Fellow Tim Judah about his new book Life and Fate, which examines demographic changes across Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. They discuss shrinking and aging populations, declining fertility, migration patterns, labor shortages, and the fiscal challenges these trends pose. Judah assesses policy efforts such as family incentives and immigration, and emphasizes the necessity of focusing on healthy life expectancy and technological adaptation. They explore how demographic fears feed populist and nationalist discourses, with varied political responses across Europe - from the quetionable efficacy of Hungary’s pronatalist policies to Western Europe’s migration debates and regional depopulation in Spain. Judah highlights the interconnectedness between demographic trends and geopolitical shifts, including EU enlargement and post-Brexit dynamics. The conversation culminates in Judah’s reflections on Ukraine, based on his frontline reporting. He outlines the technological evolution of modern warfare - drones, automation, fiber-optic systems - and Ukrainian resilience and pragmatism. They conclude by considering what these trends mean for Europe’s future, including the role of the U.K., EU accession, and the evolving concept of Europe itself.

In this Vienna Coffee House Conversation, Ivan Vejvoda interviews Alida Vračić, co-founder and executive director of the Sarajevo-based think tank Populari. They discuss global demographic megatrends - aging populations, fertility decline, and regional disparities - and examine how migration and depopulation are affecting the Western Balkans, Europe and the wider world. Vračić outlines the challenges of census deficiencies, labor migration from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Western Europe, and the socioeconomic impact of a shrinking workforce. They explore policy options for attracting and integrating migrant labor, including language and cultural programs, and consider how populist politicians exploit fear around migration. The conversation then shifts to Europe’s geopolitical context, touching on U.S.-China rivalry, the Russo-Ukrainian War, and Europe’s multilateral responses. Finally, marking the 30th anniversary of the Dayton Peace Agreement, Vračić assesses Bosnia and Herzegovina’s post-Dayton governance structure, the role of the Office of the High Representative, and prospects for EU integration as a means of consolidating stability and promoting domestic reform.

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations, Ivan Vejvoda is joined by Teresa Reiter, co-founder of Idemo!, a Vienna-based civil society initiative dedicated to strengthening ties between Austria and the Western Balkans. Reiter, a journalist and policy professional, shares insights into Idemo!'s mission to foster democratic engagement and transnational cooperation.​ Their discussion addresses the challenges facing the Western Balkans region, including democratic backsliding, ethnic divisions, and the complexities of EU integration. Reiter emphasizes the importance of grassroots activism and the role of diaspora communities in promoting democratic values and social cohesion. She highlights Idemo!'s initiatives, such as the "Speak Up!" program, which brings together young political leaders from Bosnia and Herzegovina to collaborate across ethnic lines.​ The conversation also explores the significance of inclusive civic spaces and the need for sustained engagement to counter authoritarian tendencies. Reiter underscores the potential of transnational networks and community-driven efforts in shaping a more democratic and united Europe.​

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations, Ivan Vejvoda welcomes Niccolò Milanese, a political thinker, activist, and co-founder of European Alternatives, a transnational civil society movement dedicated to democracy and equality beyond nation-states. Milanese brings his expertise on European political trends, democratic struggles, and the challenges posed by rising authoritarianism. Their conversation explores the fragility of democracy in Europe amid global turbulence, touching on the European Union’s role in upholding democratic values, the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian War, and the resurgence of great power politics. Milanese reflects on the continuity of struggles for freedom, linking Ukraine’s fight for sovereignty to past democratic revolutions. He critiques the failures of Western elites in conveying the existential stakes of these conflicts and examines how corporate and technological forces have eroded democratic engagement. The discussion also delves into populism’s rise across Europe, the socioeconomic factors fueling far-right movements, and the urgent need for a democratic response to authoritarian tendencies. Milanese highlights the importance of grassroots activism, drawing on recent movements in Serbia, Georgia, and other regions resisting democratic backsliding. The episode concludes with insights into transnational civil society’s role in shaping the future of European democracy and the EU’s strategic direction in an increasingly unstable world.

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations, Ivan Vejvoda welcomes Leszek Jażdżewski, a Polish journalist, political analyst, and editor-in-chief of Liberté!. As a leading advocate for liberal democracy in Central Europe, Jażdżewski has been at the forefront of the fight against authoritarianism and populism. He is also the founder of Freedom Games, a major intellectual forum that brings together experts, intellectuals, and writers to address key challenges facing modern European societies. Their discussion explores the growing influence of populist leaders, the European Union’s struggle to address democratic backsliding, and how the return of Donald Trump to the US presidency could reshape transatlantic relations. Jażdżewski provides insights into Poland’s shifting political landscape, the ideological battle between liberal and illiberal forces, and the role of media in shaping democratic discourse. He also examines the broader European response to the Russo-Ukrainian War, the future of European security policy, and Poland’s upcoming presidency of the EU Council. As Poland recalibrates its position in the EU following years of right-wing governance, Jażdżewski considers whether recent political shifts signal a long-term return to liberal values or just a temporary setback for populist movements. With the rise of authoritarian-leaning governments in Hungary and Slovakia, he discusses the broader implications for Europe’s democratic resilience and whether civil society can push back against these forces.

Ivan Vejvoda welcomes Zsuzsanna Szelényi, foreign policy specialist, former Hungarian politician, and director of the Central European University Democracy Institute Leadership Academy. As a former member of the Hungarian Parliament (1990–1994, 2014–2019), she has advised governments on democracy, human rights, and governance. Her book Tainted Democracy: Viktor Orbán and the Subversion of Hungary (2022) has been widely recognized, including by Foreign Affairs as one of the best books of 2023. In this episode, the conversation explores the potential impact of Donald Trump’s presidency on Europe, the security challenges facing the EU, and the rise of illiberal democracy. Szelényi provides insight into the ideological shifts within Europe, the increasing influence of populist leaders like Viktor Orbán, and the structural weaknesses in the European Union’s response to democratic backsliding. She discusses how Trump’s unpredictability has prompted European leaders to rethink their security and defense strategies, yet divisions in threat perception among EU countries remain a challenge. The discussion also turns to Hungary’s evolving role within the EU, its relationships with China and Russia, and its balancing act between economic dependence on Europe and ideological alliances with authoritarian states. With Hungarian opposition leader Péter Magyar gaining ground, Szelényi examines whether Orbán’s grip on power may be weakening. She emphasizes that while illiberalism is on the rise, the fight for democracy is still alive—especially with younger generations in Central and Southeastern Europe demanding accountability and rule of law.

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations podcast, Ivan Vejvoda speaks with Stefan Lehne, Senior Fellow at Carnegie Europe and former Austrian diplomat, to examine the challenges facing the European Union amid a period of persistent crisis. They explore the EU’s response to a series of disruptions, including the financial crisis, Brexit, the pandemic, and the Russo-Ukrainian War, and discuss the broader implications of these events for European integration and global positioning. The conversation highlights how the EU’s institutional framework has adapted under pressure, shifting power dynamics between its institutions, and the increasing influence of external factors, such as U.S. foreign policy under Donald Trump and China's growing global role. Lehne offers insights into the EU's struggles with internal cohesion, its capacity to manage security and economic challenges, and the tension between national sovereignty and collective decision-making. The episode also addresses the future of EU enlargement, particularly in the context of Ukraine’s candidacy, and proposes the creation of a European Union Security Council to strengthen the bloc’s foreign policy effectiveness. Concluding with a look at Austria’s political landscape, the discussion underscores the challenges posed by populism and the need for strong, unified leadership to navigate a fragmented geopolitical environment.

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations podcast, Ivan Vejvoda hosts Rosa Balfour, Director of Carnegie Europe, for a deep discussion on the implications of Donald Trump’s return to the presidency for Europe. They explore how Europe has adjusted—or failed to adjust—since Trump’s initial term, focusing on key challenges in trade, defense, and foreign policy. Balfour outlines the vulnerabilities Trump’s policies exploit, including Europe's dependence on the U.S. for security and energy and its fragmented approach to strategic autonomy. The conversation transitions to broader themes of European Union dynamics, from its struggle with internal reforms to balancing technocratic governance with democratic accountability. Balfour reflects on the stagnation in EU integration and how internal divisions undermine its global standing. The discussion also highlights the geopolitical challenges presented by Ukraine, Russia, and the EU’s enlargement ambitions, offering cautious optimism about Europe's ability to adapt to these pressures over time. Ending on a hopeful note, the episode underscores the importance of leadership and unity in navigating the turbulent geopolitical landscape. Despite grim short-term prospects, Balfour expresses confidence in Europe’s resilience and creativity to address the challenges ahead, urging collaboration between policymakers, civil society, and the public sphere.

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations, host Ivan Vejvoda welcomes Nicole Koenig, Head of Policy at the Munich Security Conference, to discuss the evolving landscape of European security. Against the backdrop of the Russo-Ukrainian War and other global crises, they explore how the European Union has responded to these challenges with initiatives that include joint defense spending, the inclusion of Finland and Sweden in NATO, and the establishment of a European Defense Union. Koenig highlights the complexities of fostering deeper EU-NATO cooperation and overcoming political, legal, and financial barriers to a more integrated defense framework. Recorded just before Donald Trump's victory, they discuss the U.S. presidential election and it's impacts on European security policy. The conversation explores the necessity for Europe to take on a greater share of its defense responsibilities. Koenig underscores the strategic importance of unity in defense and the push for a more coherent security policy. Additionally, they touch on the geopolitical imperative of EU enlargement, particularly in light of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the broader European neighborhood's security dynamics. Finally, Koenig offers insights into her role at the Munich Security Conference, providing a preview of the key themes likely to shape the agenda, including transatlantic relations, regional conflicts, and emerging threats like AI and climate security. She emphasizes the importance of fostering dialogue to address these multifaceted challenges.

Guest: Luke Cooper, Europe's Futures Fellow 2018/19 of the IWM and ERSTE Foundation, historical sociologist, and director of the PeaceRep Ukraine Program. Key Topics: Ukrainian Resilience: Luke Cooper shares insights from his recent trip to Ukraine, describing the resilience and relative normalcy displayed by Ukrainians amid the devastation. He highlights the complex emotions and strong morale that persist even in heavily affected areas. Economic Strategy During Wartime: Ukraine’s transition to a Keynesian wartime economy has been crucial, focusing on public spending and tax adjustments to sustain economic activity. Labor shortages and rising demand due to conscription and migration pose challenges, but Ukraine’s economic adaptability remains a significant strength. Endgame Scenarios for the Conflict: Cooper discusses Ukrainian public opinion on possible resolutions, noting widespread opposition to a frozen conflict and nuanced views on negotiation conditions. He also assesses the critical international factors at play, including oil prices and the upcoming U.S. elections. Impact of UK Politics on EU and Ukraine Relations: Vejvoda and Cooper conclude by exploring the recent shift in UK politics with Labour's win, the implications for UK-EU relations, and the consensus in UK support for Ukraine despite internal political shifts.

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations, Ivan Vejvoda sits down with Grigorij Mesežnikov, a political scientist and president of the Institute for Public Affairs in Slovakia. They discuss the complex political history of Slovakia, which has transitioned from an authoritarian regime in the 1990s to a successful democracy, only to face significant regression in recent years. Mesežnikov outlines the rise and fall of democratic governance in Slovakia, emphasizing the return of Robert Fico and his national-populist party to power. Fico’s return, Mesežnikov explains, was driven by public dissatisfaction with the previous government and his desire to escape legal prosecution by reasserting political dominance. The conversation then shifts to Slovakia’s relationship with Russia and the influence of pro-Russian sentiment within the country, particularly in the wake of the Russo-Ukrainian War. Mesežnikov highlights how historical and cultural ties between Slovakia and Russia have shaped public opinion, creating a divide between those who support liberal democracy and those more aligned with nationalist, anti-systemic forces. Despite this, Mesežnikov points out that support for EU membership remains high, though attitudes toward NATO have grown more skeptical. Finally, the discussion touches on the future of Slovakia’s democracy. Mesežnikov expresses cautious optimism that opposition parties, if united and strategically focused, may have a chance to reverse the recent backsliding in the next elections. The conversation ends on a note of hope, emphasizing the resilience of democratic institutions and the potential for change.

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations podcast, host Ivan Vejvoda engages in an insightful discussion with Sławomir Sierakowski, a Polish sociologist, literary critic, journalist, and public intellectual. Sierakowski, who heads Kritika Polityczna and serves as a senior fellow at the German Council on Foreign Relations, shares his perspectives on the state of democracy in Europe, Poland's political landscape, and the broader global context, including the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the geopolitical shifts in Asia. The episode begins with Ivan welcoming Słavwomir, acknowledging his distinguished career and ongoing contributions to European intellectual and political discourse. The conversation opens with a discussion on the current political moment in Europe, focusing on recent elections in France and Poland. Sławomir reflects on the mixed results of these elections, particularly noting the positive outcome in Poland, where authoritarianism was successfully challenged in the recent parliamentary elections. He emphasizes that Poland is rejoining democratic Europe, aligning itself with countries that uphold the rule of law and democratic norms. However, he cautions that challenges remain, particularly with authoritarian trends in countries like Hungary. Key Points of Discussion: The State of Democracy in Europe: Question: Ivan asks Sławomir about the current political situation in Europe, with a focus on elections and the rising tensions between liberal democracy and authoritarianism. Answer: Sławomir expresses a nuanced view, acknowledging positive developments, such as Poland's electoral defeat of authoritarian forces, but also highlighting ongoing concerns about Hungary and other regions. He notes that while populism has not caused a major revolution, it remains a significant challenge in the fight for democracy in Europe. China's Geopolitical Position: Question: Shifting the focus to Asia, Ivan asks Sławomir to elaborate on his observations regarding China, particularly Xi Jinping's leadership and its implications for global politics. Answer: Sławomir outlines two major shifts under Xi Jinping: China’s increasingly aggressive foreign policy and its move toward state-organized protectionism. He contrasts this with previous Chinese leaders who adhered to a more cautious approach. He also highlights internal challenges in China, such as economic issues, and stresses that China's position is more vulnerable than it appears, especially in its relations with neighboring countries like Japan and Taiwan. Taiwan and the Asia-Pacific: Question: Ivan inquires about Sławomir's recent trip to Taiwan and asks for his impressions regarding Taiwan's outlook amidst tensions with China. Answer: Sławomir describes the complex political dynamics in Taiwan, where the pro-China Kuomintang party holds significant influence. However, he points out that the majority of Taiwanese citizens are opposed to unification with China, especially after the events in Hong Kong. He emphasizes Taiwan’s strategic importance due to its dominance in semiconductor manufacturing and its growing defense capabilities. Europe’s Role in Global Geopolitics: Question: Ivan brings the discussion back to Europe, asking what Europe should be doing in this evolving global context. Answer: Sławomir argues that Europe needs to adopt a tougher stance, both internally and externally. He criticizes the EU for its history of slow decision-making and compromise, urging it to take bolder steps, especially in supporting Ukraine militarily and financially. He sees Poland under Donald Tusk as a potential leader in driving this change, highlighting Tusk’s experience and commitment to European integration. The De-Authoritarianization of Poland: Question: Ivan asks how the process of dismantling authoritarian structures in Poland is progressing following the recent electoral victory over the PiS party. Answer: Sławomir explains that the process is slow, as the new government is committed to upholding democratic norms and the rule of law, which requires careful and legal dismantling of authoritarian systems. He also points out that the Polish president and judiciary, still influenced by the former ruling party, present ongoing challenges to this process. The Future of the EU and Ukraine: Question: Ivan shifts focus to the EU’s enlargement and the potential integration of Ukraine. He asks Sławomir how realistic it is to bring Ukraine into the EU, given the complexities involved. Answer: Sławomir acknowledges the difficulties of integrating Ukraine into the EU, especially during a time of war. However, he stresses the importance of supporting Ukraine’s accession to both the EU and NATO to prevent future Russian aggression. He warns that any compromise with Russia that allows it to retain control over parts of Ukraine would be a dangerous signal to other authoritarian regimes. Populism and the Impact of AI: Question: Ivan raises concerns about rising populism driven by economic uncertainty and technological changes, such as the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on jobs and society. Answer: Sławomir notes that AI and overinvestment in technology could trigger a financial crisis, which historically has led to the rise of populist movements. He warns that a global recession could exacerbate these issues, creating a more volatile political landscape across Europe and beyond. Poland’s Role in European Politics: Question: Ivan asks how Poland can position itself as a leader in European politics, particularly in the context of its relationship with Ukraine and its internal political challenges. Answer: Sławomir sees potential for Poland to take a more active role in European politics, especially under Donald Tusk’s leadership. However, he cautions that internal polarization and conflicts between political factions in Poland could limit its ability to fully realize this potential. He also mentions the historical tensions between Poland and Ukraine, which continue to complicate their relationship. Hungary and Slovakia’s Influence on the EU: Question: Ivan addresses the challenge posed by Hungary and Slovakia, whose populist governments have the power to block EU decisions, and asks Sławomir for his thoughts on how the EU should handle this situation. Answer: Sławomir highlights the danger of Hungary and Slovakia obstructing EU policies, particularly regarding Ukraine. He argues that the EU needs to reform its decision-making processes to prevent single countries from blocking critical initiatives. He warns that without such reforms, the EU could be paralyzed by populist leaders. Conclusion: The episode concludes with a reflection on the complex challenges facing Europe and the world. Sławomir stresses the importance of strong, decisive leadership in Europe to navigate these turbulent times. He expresses hope that Poland, under Tusk’s leadership, can play a key role in shaping Europe’s future. Ivan thanks Sławomir for his insights, and the conversation ends with a mutual commitment to continue addressing these critical issues in future discussions.

In this episode, Ivan Vejvoda is joined by Philippe C. Schmitter to discuss the current state and future of democracy, particularly in the context of rising populism and authoritarianism. Known for his influential works on transitions from authoritarian rule and the democratization of the European Union, Schmitter explores the impact of the EU's parliamentary elections, the return of the Labour Party to power in the UK, as well as the rise of nationalism and identity politics. Schmitter offers insights into the concept of "transitology" and its relevance today, drawing parallels between past transitions from authoritarian regimes and current political trends. The discussion also touches on the challenges of liberal democracy, the role of political parties, and the effects of globalization on economic and political systems. Schmitter emphasizes the need to reinvent representation and control the behavior of global finance to address rising inequality and populism. Synopsis: Vejvoda asks Schmitter about his background and significant contributions to political science. Schmitter highlights his role as Emeritus Professor of the Department of Political and Social Sciences at the European University Institute in Florence. He discusses his expertise in democracy, democratic transitions, authoritarianism, and populism, mentioning his influential books, "Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions About Uncertain Democracies" and "How to Democratize the European Union and Why Bother?" Understanding Political Transitions Vejvoda probes Schmitter on the concept of political transitions post-Berlin Wall. Schmitter explains the unpredictable nature of political transitions, reflecting on the mistaken belief that democracy would naturally prevail after the Soviet Union's collapse. He underscores the ongoing relevance of his work in the context of current global political shifts. Challenges to Liberal Democracy Vejvoda inquires about the modern challenges facing liberal democracy. Schmitter discusses the dual challenges of global capitalism and the decline of traditional political parties. He details how these factors have led to the rise of populism and significant income inequality, necessitating a reinvention of democratic systems. Critique of Governance Vejvoda asks Schmitter to elaborate on his views regarding governance. Schmitter critiques the term "governance" as ambiguous and often a cover for the decline of democratic accountability. He contrasts governance with traditional government and highlights the increasing role of non-elected bodies in policy-making. Future of the European Union Vejvoda questions Schmitter about the future prospects of the European Union. Schmitter shares his thoughts on the EU's challenges with enlargement and the concept of differentiated integration. He envisions a core group of countries advancing integration and setting an example for others, despite the inherent difficulties. Impact of Populism Vejvoda explores the impact of populism on modern democracies. Schmitter acknowledges that while populism is an intrinsic part of democratic processes, it can destabilize systems if unchecked. He emphasizes the importance of effective democratic institutions to manage populist movements. Concluding Reflections Vejvoda seeks Schmitter’s final thoughts on the resilience of democracy. Schmitter expresses cautious optimism, maintaining confidence in the collective intelligence of citizens to uphold democratic values. He stresses the need for continuous adaptation and reform in democratic governance.

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations, Ivan Vejvoda hosts Kim Lane Scheppele, the Lawrence S. Rockefeller Professor of Sociology and International Affairs at Princeton University. With a particular focus on the example of Hungary under Orbán, they explore the rise of populism, identity politics, and nationalism, and point out the threats these pose to democracy - especially when leaders exploit the legal frameworks of democratic institutions to entrench and extend their power. How can populism corrupt a democratic state into an autocracy? Synopsis: The Difference Between Populism and Autocracy Vejvoda asks Scheppele to explain the distinction between populism and autocracy. Scheppele outlines how populism involves appeals to intolerance and creating second-class citizenships, while autocracy involves changing laws to entrench power and eliminate opposition. She emphasizes that not all populist leaders seek dictatorship, but many use populist slogans to justify autocratic actions. Viktor Orbán's Use of Legal Mechanisms Vejvoda inquires about Orbán's use of legal mechanisms to consolidate power in Hungary. Scheppele details how Orbán manipulated Hungary’s electoral system to gain a supermajority, allowing him to change the constitution, capture courts, sideline the parliament, and alter election laws to entrench his power. She explains the systematic dismantling of democratic checks and balances through legal means. The European Union’s Role in Addressing Democratic Backslides Vejvoda questions the EU’s effectiveness in addressing democratic backslides in Hungary and Poland. Scheppele discusses the EU’s struggle to respond effectively, noting that Orbán's actions were legal, making intervention difficult. In contrast, Poland’s government openly violated its constitution, prompting a stronger EU response. She highlights the EU’s slow and inconsistent actions due to other priorities, like the euro crisis. Changes in Hungary's Political Atmosphere Since the 1990s Vejvoda asks about the political changes in Hungary from the 1990s to the present. Scheppele reflects on Hungary’s pro-European, democratic atmosphere in the 1990s, characterized by strong support for European values and institutions like the Constitutional Court. She contrasts this with the current autocratic shift under Orbán, driven by systematic legal and political changes. Strategies for Opposition and Civil Society Vejvoda inquires about effective strategies for opposition parties and civil society. Scheppele suggests mobilizing urban voters, protecting independent media, and promoting education to counteract autocratic trends. She emphasizes the importance of exposing and resisting clientelist policies used by autocrats to buy votes and maintain power. Economic Policies in Populist Strategies Vejvoda asks how economic policies play into the strategies of populist leaders like Orbán. Scheppele explains that populist leaders use targeted social programs to benefit their base while excluding marginalized groups. In Hungary, Orbán’s programs, such as tax credits for families, are designed to benefit middle-class Hungarians and exclude Roma families, ensuring loyalty from his supporters. The EU’s Response to Orbán’s Leadership and Hungary’s EU Presidency Vejvoda discusses the EU’s response to Orbán’s leadership, especially with Hungary’s upcoming EU presidency. Scheppele describes the EU’s challenges in dealing with Orbán, who leverages Hungary’s EU membership for financial gains while pursuing autocratic policies. She notes the potential risks and opportunities during Hungary’s EU presidency and the importance of the EU navigating this carefully to uphold democratic values. Implications for Upcoming Elections in France and the United States Vejvoda questions the implications of current trends for upcoming elections in France and the U.S. Scheppele highlights the challenges posed by populist and nationalist movements, emphasizing the fragility of democratic systems. She expresses concerns about the U.S. electoral system’s complexity and vulnerabilities, which could be exploited, posing a threat to democratic outcomes. She stresses the need for vigilance and robust democratic engagement to safeguard these elections. The Role of Media in Autocratic Strategies Vejvoda asks about the role of media in autocratic strategies. Scheppele discusses the importance of media control for autocrats, highlighting how Orbán has suppressed liberal media and promoted government-friendly outlets. This control influences public opinion and limits the opposition’s ability to communicate effectively with the public. Urban-Rural Divides in Political Affiliations Vejvoda inquires about the significance of urban-rural divides in the context of rising populism. Scheppele explains that urban areas tend to be more liberal and educated, while rural areas often support populist leaders. This divide is exploited by autocrats who implement policies favoring rural areas and suppress urban opposition through financial constraints and media control. She emphasizes the need for opposition strategies to address these divides effectively.

In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations podcast, host Ivan Vejvoda speaks with Erik Jones, director of the Schuman Center for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute in Florence. Covering the rise of populism, nationalism, and identitarian politics in Europe and beyond, Jones argues that the current political disorder is neither new nor exceptional, drawing parallels to historical periods of economic success followed by political unrest. He emphasizes the significant role of rising inequality and economic uncertainty in driving people away from mainstream parties toward populist alternatives. Synopsis: Introduction: Ivan Vejvoda introduces Erik Jones, highlighting his expertise in European political economy and dynamics. Populism and Political Disorder: Analysis of the rise of populist, nationalist, and identitarian politics; historical parallels and contemporary drivers. Socioeconomic Determinants: Discussion on the impact of rising inequality, economic uncertainty, and technological advancements on political dynamics. Neoliberalism and Policy Limitations: Examination of the shift towards neoliberalism in the late 20th century and its consequences on current political structures. European Union Challenges: Insights into EU enlargement issues, democratic backsliding in Hungary and Poland, and the need for visionary leadership. Conclusion: Reflections on the future of Europe and the importance of sustaining democratic values and institutions.

In this episode of the "Vienna Coffee House Conversations" podcast, Ivan Vejvoda interviews Ivan Marović, executive director of the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict, about his experiences and insights on nonviolent civil resistance. Marović reflects on his journey from being a student activist in Serbia's Otpor! movement, which played a crucial role in the fall of Slobodan Milosevic, to his current work in promoting civil resistance globally. He emphasizes the importance of sustained, organized movements over spontaneous protests and the need for civil society to actively engage in politics to prevent authoritarianism. Synopsis: Biographical Beginnings Vejvoda asks Marović to share his early experiences and influences in nonviolent civil resistance. Marović recounts his coming of age during the war, his exposure to the atrocities of war and nationalism, and his involvement in the Belgrade University protests. He highlights his participation in the 1996 student protests and the creation of the Otpor movement, emphasizing the need for sustained, organized resistance. Otpor Movement and Strategies Vejvoda asks about the formation and strategies of the Otpor movement. Answer: Marović explains the transition from protest to a sustainable movement, the intergenerational support within Otpor, and the strategic, long-term approach that contributed to the fall of Milosevic. He underscores the importance of both rapid mobilization and structured organization. Post-Otpor Career and Global Work Vejvoda inquires about Marović’s work after Otpor and his contributions to global civil resistance. Marović discusses his role in advising pro-democracy groups worldwide, the significance of systematized education on civil resistance, and his efforts in creating learning programs and training organizations. Challenges to Democracy Today Vejvoda asks about the current democratic decline and the factors contributing to it. Marović identifies the erosion of civil society and the manipulation of political institutions as key factors. He contrasts today’s slow erosion of democracy with the coups of the past and emphasizes the need for a strong civil society to resist authoritarian trends. Role of Movements in Modern Politics Vejvoda seeks Marović’s views on the potential of modern movements to influence political change. Marović explains that movements help people connect to issues and to each other, fostering political engagement. He highlights the role of movements in shaping political climate and their importance in strengthening democratic institutions. Personal Experience in Politics Vejvoda asks about Marović’s brief venture into formal politics and the lessons learned. Marović shares his realization that focusing too much on building a political party can undermine the larger democratic project. He emphasizes the importance of maintaining a strong movement to influence the political climate. Ukraine and Civil Resistance Vejvoda inquires about Marović’s involvement with civil society in Ukraine during the ongoing conflict. Marović praises the resilience and nonviolent resistance of ordinary Ukrainians, stressing the importance of highlighting these stories. He underscores the role of civil resistance even in times of armed conflict. U.S. Political Engagement Vejvoda asks about the potential political engagement of young voters in the upcoming U.S. elections. Marović expresses optimism about the higher turnout of Generation Z, noting their pragmatic approach to politics and their willingness to use all available channels to make their voices heard. Conclusion: Final Thoughts: Vejvoda and Marović reflect on the importance of citizen engagement and the ongoing struggle for democracy and human rights.

Kicking off the second half of season three where we will look beyond the ranks of Europe's Futures' fellows to bring you conversations from thought leaders and key thinkers across the academic and policy spectrum, this new episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations with Ivan Vejvoda features a conversation with distinguished professor Ruth Wodak. Ruth shares her expertise on the recurring evils of history, particularly emphasizing contemporary antisemitism and its roots. Her personal story, interwoven with academic observations, provides a poignant backdrop and urgency to the conversation about the resurgence of right-wing politics in Europe. Synopsis: Personal Historical Account: Ruth Wodak shares her family's experiences in Vienna during the rise of Nazism, focusing on the events surrounding Kristallnacht in 1938 and the broader implications for her family. Discussion on Antisemitism and Populism: They explore the themes of Wodak's recent publication about everyday antisemitism, linking historical events to the resurgence of nationalism and populism in contemporary Europe. Impact of Current Events: The conversation touches on how recent global crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic, have influenced political dynamics, particularly boosting far-right movements. Media's Role: They discuss the crucial role of the media in shaping public perception and the necessity of media literacy to combat misinformation. Solutions and Proactive Measures: The episode concludes with a discussion on measures to combat populism and strengthen democratic values, emphasizing the importance of public engagement in political processes and the responsibility of the media. Conclusion: Ivan Vejvoda wraps up by summarizing the discussion's implications for democracy and the ongoing struggle against the forces of nationalism and populism.

In this episode of Vienna Coffee House Conversations with Ivan Vejvoda, Europe's Futures Fellow Ieva Česnulaitytė weighs in on the current state and future of democracy, particularly focusing on citizen participation and deliberation. Česnulaitytė, with her extensive experience in democratic innovations, sheds light on the declining trust in institutions and the growing polarization and misrepresentation in current democracies. They delve into innovative practices like citizens' assemblies and participatory budgeting, exploring their potential in bridging the gap between citizens and governance. Česnulaitytė highlights various international examples of democratic innovation, emphasizing the crucial role of technology in enabling cross-language deliberation. The conversation also touches upon the importance of in-person deliberation in rebuilding trust and combating polarization. They discuss the specific challenges and opportunities in Central and Southeastern Europe, acknowledging the region's progress and potential in democratic development. The episode concludes with a hopeful note on democracy's capacity for reinvention and adaptation, considering the evolving global landscape. Key Topics: Declining trust in democratic institutions and the rise of populism. The role of citizens' assemblies and deliberative processes in enhancing democratic participation. The impact of technology in facilitating cross-cultural and language deliberation. The importance of in-person interaction in democracy. Challenges and progress in democratization in Central and Southeastern Europe.