How can God be one and three? How can Jesus be God and yet not another God? And what about the Spirit, where does he fit in?

In the last episode of Thinking Theology, we saw that God promised in the Old Testament that a day would arrive when he would come in person to save his people and be with them. But astonishingly, that happened in the coming of the man Jesus. Jesus did all the things that only God himself does like creating the world, miracles and forgiving sins. Jesus showed himself to be God, distinct from the Father. But how does that work?

That’s what we’re thinking about in this episode of Thinking Theology. We’re thinking about the Trinity—one God in three persons.

Who is Jesus? The identity of Jesus lies at the very heart of Christianity. But what is it about Jesus that’s so important?

In the last episode we looked at the problem of sin. God made the world good. He made a world without death and decay. He made a world in which humanity could dwell with him in love and fellowship, ruling over and developing God’s world under him. But the world is not like that anymore. It’s broken. And the reason it’s broken is because human beings have sought to rule themselves and God’s world without God. We’ve tried to get rid of God.

The result is judgement, which is seen immediately in death and decay, and in a world groaning under the wrath of God. But ultimately, the result is eternal separation from God.

So what’s the solution? The solution, quite simply, is Jesus. And not just what Jesus has done, but who he is.

But who is Jesus?

That’s what we’re beginning to think about this episode of Thinking Theology.

What is sin? Where did it come from? How has it affected us as human beings? How has it effected the world in which we live?

In the last episodes of Thinking Theology we saw that God created human beings. He created human beings to reflect him, to rule over the world under him. He made us to relate to him. But things are no longer as they were created to be. Our world is broken and we are broken.

But what happened to get us from there to here?

That’s what we’re thinking about in this episode of Thinking Theology.

In the last episode of Thinking Theology we thought about what it means to be human. Who has God made us to be?

In this bonus episode  I sit down with Rob Smith, one of my colleagues at SMBC. Rob teaches theology, ethics as well as music ministry. Rob has just completed his PhD on what the Bible has to say about gender. He's written a short book on that topic too.

But in this episode I'm talking with Rob about what it means to be embodied. What does that Bible have to say about human bodies.

What does it mean to be human? Are we different or special? Or are we just another animal? And what do we do with ourselves? Do we have a purpose?

In the last episodes of Thinking Theology we saw that God created the world, that he upholds the world every moment, that he is in control of everything that happens, but in such a way that our actions are still meaningful.

Now we’re moving on to think in more detail about who God has created us to be as human beings. 

If God is in control of everything that happens in the universe, where does that leave us as human beings? Do we have a say? Do we have any meaningful choice? Are we just robots? And if we make meaningful choices, where does that leave God and his sovereignty over the world?

In the last episode of Thinking Theology we saw how God upholds the world at every moment. God is in control of everything. He’s in control of the natural world, human events, individual life, human decisions, including faith and salvation. He’s even sovereign in some way over sin.

But where does that leave us as human beings? How do we fit into God’s sovereignty?

That’s what we’re thinking about in this episode of Thinking Theology.

Episode Intro

What does God do? In the last few episodes of Thinking Theology we’ve been thinking about what God is like: what is his nature, what is his character and what he does. Last time we looked at God’s work in creation. But God not only created the world, he also sustains it, upholding it at every moment. In theology, that’s called providence.

But what does it mean that God is upholding the world? What does he control? Is there anything outside his control?

That’s what we’re thinking about in this episode of Thinking Theology.

Podcast Intro

Hi. My name is Karl Deenick. I write about theology and I teach it at Sydney Missionary and Bible College. Welcome to Thinking Theology, a podcast where we think about theology, the Bible and the Christian life, not just for the sake of it, but so we can love God more, with all our heart, soul, mind and strength.

God Controls Everything

So what do we learn from the Bible about God’s control over the world.

First of all, we see that he controls everything.

For example, Psalm 103:19 tells us,

The Lord has established his throne in heaven, and his kingdom rules over all. (Psalm 103:19 NIV)

God rules over all things and there’s nothing outside his control. Nothing frustrates his plans. Nothing thwarts them.

He says in Isaiah 46:11,

What I have said, that I will bring about; what I have planned, that I will do. (Isaiah 46:11 NIV)

Moreover, when God acts to control all things he does it according to his own purpose and will.

For example, Psalm 135:6 says,

The Lord does whatever pleases him, in the heavens and on the earth, in the seas and all their depths. (Psalm 135:6 NIV)

Or again in Ephesians 1:11, we’re told that God,

works out everything in conformity with the purpose of his will…. (Ephesians 1:11 NIV)

God is not constrained by things outside him. He rules over everything and he does as he pleases. That’s what it means to be God.

The Natural World

But we can say more, too, about the kind of control that God exercises. That is to say, we can drill down to specific areas to understand more clearly what it means that God controls everything.

John Frame in his Systematic Theology lists a number of categories in which we see God working out his control over all things.[1]

For example, we also see how God controls the natural world.

Psalm 65 says,

You care for the land and water it; you enrich it abundantly. The streams of God are filled with water to provide the people with grain, for so you have ordained it. You drench its furrows and level its ridges; you soften it with showers and bless its crops. You crown the year with your bounty, and your carts overflow with abundance. (Psalm 65:9–11 NIV)

In fact, even the things that we think are pure chance are from God.

Proverbs 16:33 tells us,

The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from the Lord. (Proverbs 16:33 NIV)

A lot is like a roll of the dice. To us it’s chance, to God it’s an expression of his purpose and will.

Human Affairs

So, too, God is in control of human affairs.

Job says,

He makes nations great, and destroys them; he enlarges nations, and disperses them. (Job 12:23 NIV)

God raises up nations and he brings them down. He makes them prosper or fail. He uses them to achieve his purposes.

In Acts 17 says,

From one man he made all the nations, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and he marked out their appointed times in history and the boundaries of their lands. (Acts 17:26 NIV)

It’s not human governments or presidents or kings who determine the success of their empires. Behind all those things stands God.

Individual Human Life

But God not only controls the big movements of nations and state and countries. He is also sovereign over our individual lives.

So David can say in Psalm 139,

all the days ordained for me were written in your book before one of them came to be. (Psalm 139:16 NIV)

God has planned our days before they even happen.

So, too, he works all things that happen for good in the lives of his people. Paul tells us in Romans 8,

And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose. (Romans 8:28 NIV)

And Proverbs 16:9 tells us that while we might make our plans it is God who establishes them or not.

In their hearts humans plan their course, but the Lord establishes their steps. (Proverbs 16:9 NIV) 

In fact, God’s control over our lives means that we ought to hold onto our plans with a degree of reservation. As James says,

Now listen, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will go to this or that city, spend a year there, carry on business and make money.” Why, you do not even know what will happen tomorrow. What is your life? You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes. Instead, you ought to say, “If it is the Lord’s will, we will live and do this or that.” (James 4:13–16 NIV)

We can’t control what happens today or tomorrow. That belongs to God, James says. That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t plan. Rather, we plan knowing that all things are in God’s hands.

Human Decisions

But God is not only in control of our individual lives, he is also, in some sense, sovereign over human decisions.

We may find that idea a little confronting and a little difficult to understand, but the Bible clearly shows it’s true.

For example, God hardens Pharaoh’s heart. He says to Moses in Exodus 7:3,

But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I multiply my signs and wonders in Egypt, he will not listen to you. (Exodus 7:3 NIV)

Conversely, God opens the heart of Cyrus, king of Persian, to let his people come back from exile. Ezra 1:1 tells us,

In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in order to fulfill the word of the Lord spoken by Jeremiah, the Lord moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and also to put it in writing…. (Ezra 1:1 NIV)

About Jesus’ crucifixion, we’re told in Acts 4:27,

Indeed Herod and Pontius Pilate met together with the Gentiles and the people of Israel in this city to conspire against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed. They did what your power and will had decided beforehand should happen. (Acts 4:27–28 NIV)

Somehow God stood behind their decisions to crucify Jesus.

But how can God control human decisions without human beings becoming robots? We’ll come back to that question next time when we think about the relationship between God’s sovereignty and control and our responsibility. For the moment, we just need to notice that the Bible clearly portrays God as sovereign over human decisions in some sense.

Sins

Even harder to understand, but just as clear, is the idea that God is sovereign even over sin.

We’ve seen that already in God hardening Pharaoh’s heart. And also in God being sovereign over the decisions and actions of those who crucified Jesus. But we see it in other places too.

So Psalm 105:24–25 says,