John P Holland was an Irish-American engineer who developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the US Navy, and the first Royal Navy submarine.

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We are doing something a bit different this week. During research, we sometimes come across really interesting stories that aren't big enough to make into a full episode. So this week we're bringing you three of those stories.

Also, please feel free to check us out on Patreon where we'll be posting additional episodes: https://www.patreon.com/OutOfIreland

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A brave troop of Irish men, going against the wishes of the Irish Government, left Dublin to join the Socialist movement in Spain. Many saw this as a precursor to World War Two, many saw it as a fight between two opposing ideologies. Whatever the reasons, Irish men fought on both sides of the Spanish Civil War, and in this episode, we look into the side known as Connolly's Column.

Even the Olives are Bleeding Documentary:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnlfFit6Mbs&t=1s

Irish Newspapers and the Spanish Civil War:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/30006956?seq=1

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Kathleen Goligher was one of the members of the Goligher Circle who were a family of mediums based out of Belfast in the early 1900s.

She gained international notoriety when stories of her seances and rapping sessions (not what you're thinking!) made it into the newspapers in Ireland and the UK and Houdini himself dispatched people to prove the veracity of her claims. So was any of it true? Or was it all just a bunch of smoke, mirrors, and ectoplasm?

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In April 1926, Benito Mussolini was making a speech to his supporters in Rome when a woman stepped out of the crowd, produced a pistol, and shot him at point-blank range. Mussolini's head turned as she did so, and the bullet grazed his nose. She fired again, but the gun jammed. The woman was Violet Gibson. But for a millimetre or two and a dodgy bullet, Violet might have changed the course of world history. Instead, she was committed to an asylum for the rest of her life and effectively written out of history. This is her story.

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Ernest Shackleton was one of the world's greatest explorers, leading expedition after expedition to the Antarctic. Born and raised in Kildare, Ireland, we look at the life and times of Shackleton, and what literally drove him to the ends of the earth.

Ernest Shackleton Recorded On 1909 Edison Phonograph Cylinder : https://youtu.be/OUTHZ_9tacM

Frank Hurley's Photos from the expedition: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34856379

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The name Gráinne Mhaol (Grace O'Malley) is one that is known by many, but how much do we actually know about the Irish Pirate Queen? Did she really meet the Queen of England? Did she really command a ruthless army of Pirates? Did she really shave her head to look like a boy so she could become a pirate? Find out all this and more in this episode!

Gráinne's letters: https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/meeting-grace-omalley-irelands-pirate-queen/

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