In order to develop appropriate interventions to advance population health, Interdisciplinary teams are critical. In this episode, we spoke to Sandro Galea, Dean of the Boston University School of Public Health and key thought leader in population health to understand how he approaches interdisciplinary scholarship.

The challenges of climate change and environmental disasters for population health are mounting. We’re joined by Nick Shapiro, an interdisciplinary environmental health researcher and anthropologist, to learn about how he’s built out his innovative program of research weaving together justice, environment, data, and ethnography, and translating research to action.

Sick Individuals/Sick Populations comes to you LIVE from Minneapolis. We’re joined by first-time conference go-ers, our conference chairs, seasoned IAPHS veterans, and more surprise guests to debrief our return to IAPHS annual in-person conference.

Disclaimer: The sound quality for this episode is quiet during some sections. We hope you still enjoy this episode!

In preparation for the 2022 IAPHS Conference, we chat with this year’s conference chairs, Sean Valles and Kat Theall, to learn more about what to look forward to for this year’s conference

Podcast #9
Looking Ahead in an Unfinished Journey

References:

Kindig DA. 2015. Can There Be Political Common Ground for Improving Population Health? Milbank Q 93(1):24–27.
Kindig DA. 2007. Understanding Population Health Terminology. Milbank Q 85(1):139-161.
Kindig D, Nobles J, Zidan M. 2018. Meeting the Institute of Medicine's 2030 US Life Expectancy Target. Am J Public Health108(1):87-92.
McCullough JM, Speer M, Magnan S, Fielding JE, Kindig D, Teutsch SM. 2020. Reduction in US Health Care Spending Required to Meet the Institute of Medicine's 2030 Target. Am J Public Health 110(12):1735-1740.
Hughes-Cromwick P, Kindig D, Magnan S, Gourevitch M, Teutsch 2021. The Reallocationists Versus the Direct Allocationists. Health Affairs Forefront. August 6. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20210729.55316
Kindig D. 2022. The Promise of Population Health: A Scenario for the Next Two Decades. NAM Perspectives. Commentary, National Academy of Medicine. Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.31478/202203a
Kindig D. 2020. A Population Health Boot Camp. https://iaphs.org/a-population-health-boot-camp/
Wagstaff A. 2002. Inequality aversion, health inequalities and health achievement. J Health Econ 21(4):627–41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12146594/

Podcast #8
Population Health Equity: Crucial and Complicated

Sanne asks Dave why a paper he worked on for three years “Thinking Clearly, Speaking Frankly about Health Equity” was never published…and whether the many complications of population health equity can detract from crucial action.

****Attach the Unpublished Draft Kindig Paper “Thinking Clearly and Speaking Frankly about Health Equity: Good and Fair Population Health”

References:

Asada Y, Whipp A, Kindig D, Billard B, Rudolph B. 2014. Inequalities in Multiple Health Outcomes by Education, Sex, and Race in 93 US Counties: Why We Should Measure Them All. Int J Equity Health 13:47. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-13-47
Kindig D, Lardinois N, Chatterjee D. 2016. Can States Simultaneously Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Health Outcome Disparities? Prev Chronic Dis 13:160126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.160126
Kindig D, Lardinois N, Asada Y, Mullahy J. 2018. Considering Mean and Inequality Health Outcomes Together: the Population Health Performance Index. Int J Equity Health 17:25. DOI 10.1186/s12939-018-0731-2.
Givens ML, Kindig D, Inzeo PT, Faust V. 2018. Power: The Most Fundamental Cause of Health Inequity? Health Affairs Blog Feb 1. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20180129.731387/full/
Gundersen G, Pray L. 2009. Leading causes of life: five fundamentals to change the way you live your life. Abingdon Press, Nashville Tennessee.

Podcast #7
Population Health Equity:  Finding Common Ground

Dave explains his provocative and contrarian statement: “The effort to reduce health disparities is hindered by viewing health equity only in terms of racial inequities.” And he argues for seeing inequities through multiple lenses to find common ground.

References:

Kindig DA. 2015. Can There Be Political Common Ground for Improving Population Health? Milbank Q 93(1):24–27.
Haidt J. 2012. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion. New York, NY. Pantheon Books.
Isenberg N. 2016. White Trash: the 400-Year Untold History of Class in America. New York, New York. Viking.
Kindig D. 2017. Population Health Equity: Rate and Burden, Race and Class. JAMA 317(5):467-468.
Kindig DA. 2020. Using Uncommon Data to Promote Common Ground for Reducing Infant Mortality. Milbank Q 98(1):18–21.

Podcast #6
It’s All About the Money

Sanne probes Dave’s efforts to promote rebalancing to upstream investments, calling in 2015 for per capita investment benchmarks for all determinants. He discusses the potential but yet unrealized promise of ACO Shared Savings, the Hospital Community Benefit IRS requirement, and local health outcome trusts.

References:

Kindig DA, Isham G. 2014. Population Health Improvement: A Community Health Business Model That Engages Partners in All Sectors. Front Health Serv Manage 30(4):3-20.
Rosenbaum S, Kindig DA, Bao J, Byrnes M, O’Laughlin C. 2015. The Value of the Nonprofit Hospital Tax Exemption Was $24.6 Billion in 2011. Health Affairs 34(7):1225-1233.
https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1424
Bakken E, Kindig DA. 2012. Is Hospital Community Benefit Charity Care? Wisconsin Medical Journal 111(5):215-219.
Kindig D. 2016. To Launch and Sustain Local Health Outcome Trusts, Focus On ‘Backbone Resources’. Health Affairs Blog February 10. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20160210.053102/full/
Kindig D. 2015. From Health Determinant Benchmarks to Health Investment Benchmarks. Chronic Dis 12:150010. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150010
Kindig DA, Milstein B. 2018. A Balanced Investment Portfolio for Equitable Health and Well-Being Is an Imperative, and Within Reach. Health Affairs 37(4):579-584. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1463

Podcast #5
Picking Up Steam 2006-2014

County Health Rankings Model

Dave tells us about how the population health idea began to catch on, in scholarship as well as in the County Health Rankings, Federal Medicare and Medicaid. The momentum continued in his blog and the founding of the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Population Health Improvement …saying to Robert Wood Johnson  “…they couldn’t say no”.

References:

Kindig DA, Asada Y, Booske B. 2008. A Population Health Framework for Setting National and State Health Goals. JAMA 299(17):2081-2083.
Kindig D. 2008. Beyond the Triple Aim: Integrating the Nonmedical Sectors. Health Affairs Blog May 19. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20080519.000393/full/
Peppard PE, Kindig DA, Dranger E, Jovaag A, Remington PL. 2008. Ranking Community Health Status to Stimulate Discussion of Local Public Health Issues: The Wisconsin County Health Rankings. Am J Public Health 98(2):209-212.
Kindig DA, Booske BC, Remington PL. 2010. Mobilizing Action Toward Community Health (MATCH): Metrics, Incentives, and Partnerships for Population Health. Prev Chronic Dis 7(4). https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/pdf/PCD_MATCH_2010_web.pdf
Kindig D. Feb 3, 2017. https://iaphs.org/improving-population-health-continuing-journey/
Kindig D. 2011-2014. Improving Population Health: Ideas and Action. Electronic blog collection (43 posts). https://uwphi.pophealth.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/316/2018/03/blog-collection-final-2014-04-05.pdf



7. The Roundtable on Population Health Improvement. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/roundtable-on-population-health-improvement

Podcast #4
The Lonely Years

Sanne encourages Dave to explain why he describes this period of slow up-take as “lonely,” despite several major presentations, and how a rejected paper returned to prominence.

References:

Kindig DA. 1999. Beyond Health Services Research (Association for Health Services Research (AHSR) Presidential Speech). Health Services Research 34(1):205-214.
Kindig DA. 2006. A Pay-for-Population Health Performance System. JAMA 296(21):2611-2613.
Kindig DA. 2007. Understanding Population Health Terminology. Milbank Q 85(1):139-161.

 

Podcast #3
What is Population Health?

Dave discusses the evolution of his definition of population health to his most cited 2003 paper and clarifies ongoing confusion with the terms “public health” and “population health management”.

References:

Kindig D, Stoddart G. 2003. What is Population Health? Am J of Public Health 93(3): 380-383.
Kindig D. 2015. What Are We Talking About When We Talk About Population Health? Health Affairs Blog April 6. 1377/forefront.20150406.046151
https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/roundtable-on-population-health-improvement

 

 

Podcast #2
The Story Behind the Book Purchasing Population Health

Evans and Stoddart 1990 Field Model - Used with permissionEvans RG, Stoddart GL. 1990. Producing Health, Consuming Health Care. Soc Sci Med 31(12):1347-1363.

Dave explores with Sanne the seminal, Canadian influence and how his sabbatical intellectual paralysis in York England almost resulted in no book. He reminds us of the only italicized sentence in the seminal Evans and Stoddart 1990 paper: “A society that spends so much on health care that it cannot or will not spend adequately on other health enhancing activities may actually be reducing the health of its population.”

Kindig DA. 1997. Purchasing Population Health: Paying for Results
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Purchasing Population Health: A Vision
Chapter 2. Taking Our Temperature:  How Healthy Are We?
Chapter 3. The High Cost of Health Care: Are We Getting the Most for Our Money?
Chapter 4. Measuring Health Outcomes
Chapter 5. The Multiple Determinants of Health
Chapter 6. Can Rationing Be Rational? Balancing the Determinants of Health
Chapter 7. Managing Boundaries
Chapter 8. Different Populations, Different Needs?
Chapter 9. Making It Happen
Chapter 10. The Case for Action, The Price of Inertia

References for the Podcast:
1. Evans RG, Stoddart GL. 1990. Producing Health, Consuming Health Care. Soc Sci Med 31(12):1347-1363.
2. Evans RG, Barer ML, Marmor TR, editors. 1994. Why Are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
3. Kindig DA. 1997. Purchasing Population Health: Paying for Results. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, MI.

Population Health: the Unfinished Journey with David Kindig
Episode 1: Once Upon A Time



Dave discusses his South Bronx roots of seeing "health" vs only healthcare, and how an unfavorable, chance encounter with the Chair of Pediatrics changed his career forever.

References:

Kindig DA. 1992. The Health Care System Should Produce Health. On Wisconsin September/October. p.25.

Evans RG, Stoddart GL. 1990. Producing Health, Consuming Health Care. Soc Sci Med 31(12):1347-1363.

 

We thank the staff of IAPHS for the production and support of this podcast.

Visit: https://iaphs.org/the-unfinished-journey/ to learn more about this podcast series.

What exactly is epidemiology and how is it different from population health? Why do sub-fields like social epidemiology exist? In this crossover episode, which we realize must sound like a nerdy jam session, with Epi Counts co-host Ghassan Hamra, we riff on our perspectives of the fields, how they are similar and different, including some spicy hot takes on various controversies and subfields. We’re not sure if we actually answered any of the questions above but we had fun talking and hope that you enjoy listening to our discussion.

Closing off our “Meet our Hosts” series we’re joined by Mike Esposito, Assistant Professor of Sociology at Washington University in St Louis. Join us as we learn about his path from Missouri-to-Seattle and back, why he picked Sociology as a field and his brief dabble with political sociology, and growing up as a chess prodigy.

We continue our “Meet our Hosts” series with co-host Aresha Martinez-Cardoso, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Public Health Science at the University of Chicago. Aresha gives us insight into how her work has been inspired by her own life growing up in immigrant communities in California and reflects on the early wins and challenges of her career so far. We also get to learn about her attempts at getting on reality TV.

This episode kicks of our “Meet Our Host” series where we interview our fellow co-host to share more about their work, life, and passion for population health. To kick us off we’re joined by Darrell Hudson, Associate Professor in the Brown School of Social Work at Washington University in St Louis. Darrel shares more about how his life growing up in Detroit has informed his career, working on early research on stress and health at Morehouse, and his secret comedic powers.

Nutrition is critical in the production of health and health inequities across the lifecourse and in utero. We were fortunate to have Epidemiology Superstar Lisa Bodnar, Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health to join us for this episode. Professor Bodnar dropped lots of yummy, thoughtful nuggets for us to consume, ranging from funding one’s research agenda to maintaining one’s sanity while perpetually underwater  to developing a popular podcast—Shiny Epi People.

Across the country, workers have become increasingly disengaged and dissatisfied with their work,  searching for other job opportunities or a break from work altogether in what economists are calling “The Great Resignation.”  At the same time, workplaces have attempted to  enhance worker wellbeing during the pandemic and expand DEI efforts. In today’s episode we’re joined by work and diversity scholar Courtney McCluney, an assistant professor of Organizational Behavior in the ILR School at Cornell University, to chat about her trajectory of research on work, where employers are succeeding and failing their workers, and how researchers can effectively share their research insights in the private space.

In 2021 state-based abortion restrictions swelled across the country and a powerful challenge to Roe v Wade, the Supreme Court decision that protects a pregnant person's right to choose to have an abortion, will be decided in the Supreme Court this year. All admist a backdrop of pervasive disparities in access to family planning, prenatal care, and maternal and child mortality across race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. In this episode, we’re joined by Dr. Tiffany Green, Assistant Professor in the Departments of Population Health Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology at UW-Madison, and Dr Lina Maria Murillo, Assistant Professor in the Departments of Gender, Women's and Sexuality Studies, History, and Latina/o/x Studies at the University of Iowa, to help us understand the history of reproductive rights and justice and what might lie ahead given the current policy context.