In this episode, we go back to the earliest transformations that reshaped human society: the agricultural, industrial, and digital revolutions. From small hunter-gatherer groups to complex states and now digital networks, each phase changed how people organized, interacted, and understood their place in the world. We explore how these shifts brought both opportunity and new forms of struggle, setting the stage for the changes we face today.

In this episode, I speak to you about collectivistic and individualistic societies from my perspective. I gave this topic a good thought these past couple of years as I discovered and learned about the good and the bad about western societies and how they compare to Algeria. I share my conclusion of this social comparison with you at the end of this podcast. 

I firmly believe in the importance of constantly diving deeper to learn and think critically about the information we grew up listening to and conditioned by,   and this podcast does precisely that.

We live in a society that strongly associates intelligence and students' ability to succeed in life with their grades on the BAC exam. Algerian students link their value as humans to this one exam that indeed has the centralized power to shape their future paths. The crucial questions here are: Is the BAC exam good at this task? Should our students follow its results so blindly into their future? Does it truly measure their abilities and skills? And is it the best investment in our economy?