In this final episode of ArchaeoAnimals, Alex and Simona look back to over five years of podcasting about the archaeology of animal remains. From the very beginnings, to some of the running themes, recurring characters and inside jokes, this episode is an introspective journey into ArchaeoAnimals. Tune in for some of our favourite ArchaeoAnimals moments, we hope you'll enjoy them as much as we did. Transcripts, Links, Sources For rough transcripts, links, and sources, go to: https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/65 Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]: https://www.archpodnet.com/motion * Motley Fool Save $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to  https://zen.ai/apnfool and start your investing journey today! *$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price. * Laird Superfood Are you ready to feel more energized, focused, and supported? Go to https://zen.ai/thearchaeologypodnetworkfeed1 and add nourishing, plant-based foods to fuel you from sunrise to sunset. * Liquid I.V. Ready to shop better hydration, use my special link https://zen.ai/thearchaeologypodnetworkfeed to save 20% off anything you order.

 From quokkas to otters, we have selected some of the most endearing animals on the planet to bring you the 'Cutest Case Studies of All Time'. Tune in to learn more about the anatomy and zooarchaeologies of the cutest of creatures. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/64 Links and Sources * The Duckbilled Playtpus (1799) - The Museum of Hoaxes [http://hoaxes.org/archive/permalink/the_duckbilled_platypus] * Basumatary, S. K. et al. (2021). Red Panda feces from Eastern Himalaya as a modern analogue for palaeodietary and palaeoecological analyses. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 18312. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-97850-y] * Borella, F., & Cruz, I. (2012). Taphonomic evaluation of penguin (Spheniscidae) remains at a shell-midden on the northern coast of Patagonia (San Matías Gulf, Río Negro, Argentina). Quaternary International, 278, 45-50. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212002819?casa_token=9TuZ2qoBQSgAAAAA:5Qus8XuqdsXw6ikz6Yr7V58uUr-jsP0aa3SnMs4JhtCfZM7_RGKO0trIZHUe_FjCFo8kCGGig_s] * Clayton, J. L. (1966). The growth and economic significance of the American fur trade, 1790-1890. Minnesota History, 40(4), 210-220. [https://jstor.org/stable/pdf/20177863.pdf?casa_token=4kUaH3ASXK0AAAAA:3xZIWxx4Ef4SXl_fJ8OX6QPZHpINA3IPT-8GLlqXoB7ZlMzrpMOnxCcrLL4SmzTgkXh1nMPAZ6VDTxeievnRrlMILBjrQ0j9yOQogwiaaLnT-S9SZk4b] More links at https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/64 Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]: https://www.archpodnet.com/motion * Motley Fool Save $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to  https://zen.ai/apnfool and start your investing journey today! *$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price. * Laird Superfood Are you ready to feel more energized, focused, and supported? Go to https://zen.ai/thearchaeologypodnetworkfeed1 and add nourishing, plant-based foods to fuel you from sunrise to sunset. * Liquid I.V. Ready to shop better hydration, use my special link https://zen.ai/thearchaeologypodnetworkfeed to save 20% off anything you order.

Join us for this year's Halloween episode where we discuss the zooarchaeology of the Predator franchise. From Hellhounds to Feral Predators, join us on a journey through 36 years of concept art and creature design of one of pop culture's most beloved franchises. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/63 Links and Sources * Costamagno, S., Soulier, M. C., Val, A., & Chong, S. (2019). The reference collection of cutmarks. Palethnologie. Archéologie et sciences humaines, (10). [https://journals.openedition.org/palethnologie/4089#quotation] * Okumura, M., & Siew, Y. Y. (2013). An osteological study of trophy heads: unveiling the headhunting practice in Borneo. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 23(6), 685-697. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/oa.1297?casa_token=ff4bF1LaXFsAAAAA:rRGKH6DTD29qVX3nGFbKb0BzXkJxL5tTXNsqKMhFzNNfLYNnUOKtC4qgIr0wK1JxSHHiDnvbaYH2woI] * Schultz, I. (2021) These Spikes Grew Right Out of a Dinosaur's Ribs. Gizmodo. [https://gizmodo.com/these-spikes-grew-right-out-of-a-dinosaurs-ribs-1847741722] * Celebrate the Predator: Revisiting the Original Predator Behind the Scenes at Stan Winston Studio [https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/predator-30th-anniversary-behind-the-scenes] * Mammals' Unique Arms Started Evolving Before the Dinosaurs Existed [https://phys.org/news/2019-03-mammals-unique-arms-evolving-dinosaurs.html] * Spider Anatomy [https://www.uky.edu/Ag/CritterFiles/casefile/spiders/anatomy/spideranatomy.htm] Xenopedia [https://avp.fandom.com/wiki/Main_Page] Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]: https://www.archpodnet.com/motion * Motley Fool Save $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to  https://zen.ai/animalsfool and start your investing journey today! *$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price. * Laird Superfood Are you ready to feel more energized, focused, and supported? Go to https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals1 and add nourishing, plant-based foods to fuel you from sunrise to sunset. * Liquid I.V. Ready to shop better hydration, use my special link https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals to save 20% off anything you order.

Join us on a journey through the mystical world of medieval maps and bestiaries. We will cover a selection of creatures real and imagined, their portrayal in the medieval period and how they informed people's perceptions of said creatures. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/62 Links and Sources * The Hereford Mappa Mundi [https://www.themappamundi.co.uk/index.php] * The Medieval Bestiary: Animals in the Middle Ages [https://bestiary.ca/index.html] * The Worksop Bestiary [https://www.themorgan.org/collection/worksop-bestiary] * Harvey, PDA (1991) Introducing Medieval Maps. British Library. [https://www.bl.uk/picturing-places/articles/introducing-medieval-maps] * Livingstone, J. (2018) Travel, trade and exploration in the Middle Ages. British Library. [https://www.bl.uk/medieval-literature/articles/travel-trade-and-exploration-in-the-middle-ages] * Morrison, E. (2019) Beastly Tales from the Medieval Bestiary. British Library. [https://www.bl.uk/medieval-english-french-manuscripts/articles/beastly-tales-from-the-medieval-bestiary] * Nigg, J. (2014) Olaus Magnus' Sea Serpent. The Public Doman Review. [https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/olaus-magnus-sea-serpent] * Waters, H. (2013) The Enchanting Sea Monsters on Medieval Maps. Smithsonian Magazine. [https://ocean.si.edu/human-connections/history-cultures/enchanting-sea-monsters-medieval-maps] Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]: https://www.archpodnet.com/motion Motley Fool * Motley Fool Save $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to  https://zen.ai/animalsfool and start your investing journey today! *$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price. * Laird Superfood Are you ready to feel more energized, focused, and supported? Go to https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals1 and add nourishing, plant-based foods to fuel you from sunrise to sunset. * Liquid I.V. Ready to shop better hydration, use my special link https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals to save 20% off anything you order.

In this episode we discuss all things dairy. Tune in to learn more about how several archaeology sub-disciplines come together to provide evidence for dairy production and consumption in the past. Also some interesting bog butter theories. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/61 Links and Sources * Albarella, U. (1997). Size, power, wool and veal: zooarchaeological evidence for late medieval innovations. Environment and subsistence in medieval Europe, 9, 19-31. [https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62263891/Albarella_1997_medieval__innovations__england20200303-91196-h7cm7z-libre.pdf?1583262327=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DSize_power_wool_and_veal_zooarchaeologic.pdf&Expires=1685975459&Signature=GWzzHDQdeXh-WA9sFLsFz2kf0Joyq-c7xeZ5mSX-9aSkB7B7zNmGqMgQ0ecBOc5YAa~M68sNP-x9qY6GiaKFXiltiXsxglwYeUlt1qj6MCdd8LjZYIa94INyhf3inUcHdc2i48ZER0gVpO7ttktFvkGFFKXA0AZjI7BwLfEkM-GWruOOnY-7J4kSuQYZFurQwBxfX7oXpIRiXHRuIP2rKcLEljtQzOi5BqpAo3CBsqsAMEByqRVYGfAVIsE0RPHfYfO3FxjGGse~ddFv1zodBtPMMIX16ZiWuIyGYgl~ay4gbS284TCz6yhQ3bhWfJrG3FUCVXmQl0hX8kvapxcQew__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA] * Bieleman, J. (2005). Technological innovation in Dutch cattle breeding and dairy farming, 1850–2000. The Agricultural History Review, 229-250. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40276028.pdf?casa_token=hfojq3aaUjoAAAAA:81qtrRCd_ZTeDT5x-8ZTkg5_6y-KzkgJqF2ht3ScDYEN0XyuUjezfA6N7Trj9vH6zAIrKYcDmChscc1Kp_wkIzU2JsT4OyHT-snfJFX3d49GPvPtufyR] * Bleasdale, M. et al. (2021). Ancient proteins provide evidence of dairy consumption in eastern Africa. Nature communications, 12(1), 632. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20682-3] More sources at https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/61 Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion] * Motley Fool Save $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to  https://zen.ai/animalsfool and start your investing journey today! *$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price. * Laird Superfood Are you ready to feel more energized, focused, and supported? Go to https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals1 and add nourishing, plant-based foods to fuel you from sunrise to sunset. * Liquid I.V. Ready to shop better hydration, use my special link https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals to save 20% off anything you order.

Join us as we delve into experimental archaeology through the lenses of zooarchaeology. How can replicating objects or activities from the archaeological record help us understand animal exploitation in the past? Tune in to find out more! Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/60 Links and Sources * The Auerrind Project [https://rewildingeurope.com/rew-project/auerrind-project/] * Bradfield, J. (2019). Fishing with gorges: Testing a functional hypothesis. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 24, 593-607. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X18307934?casa_token=_uiAVAT-YuoAAAAA:WaBdrcPxECr2H8kmD7yKUXZ3kxrTVqpJyBs7sqaFcVB6vzV3OWbq8H9VdaCffotQt1U0s0j_gs8] * Fairnell, Eva H. (2008) 101 ways to skin a fur-bearing animal: the implications for zooarchaeological interpretation. Experiencing Archaeology by Experiment, 47-60. [https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/10878/1/Fairnell_pp._47-60_from_Experiencing_Archaeology_by_Experiment.pdf] * Gilson, S.P. et al. (2021) Shark teeth used as tools: An experimental archaeology study. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 35, 102733. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X20305241?casa_token=2Ti6a2JrEd0AAAAA:h8d9t5CXojGb2R-o6m71DL6AF3SsuBmPu7ZG3s5UdSnZuIUR7uUY0aC-7CgHhKgMmFYl40AsnvI] * Lev, M. A., et al. (2020). Squamate bone taphonomy: A new experimental framework and its application to the Natufian zooarchaeological record. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 9373. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-66301-5] * Mansrud, A., & Kutschera, M. (2020). Roe Deer as Raw Material for Middle Mesolithic Fishhooks? An Experimental Approach to the Manufacture of Small Bone Fishhooks. EXARC Journal, 3. [https://exarc.net/issue-2020-3/ea/roe-deer-mesolithic-fishhooks] * More sources at https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/60 Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion] * Motley Fool Save $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to  https://zen.ai/animalsfool and start your investing journey today! *$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price. * Laird Superfood Are you ready to feel more energized, focused, and supported? Go to https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals1 and add nourishing, plant-based foods to fuel you from sunrise to sunset. * Liquid I.V. Ready to shop better hydration, use my special link https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals to save 20% off anything you order.

From dragons, to unicorns and Divine Chickens, this episode is all about mythological creatures and how they may (or may not) have been inspired by fossilised remains of extinct species. Our friend Pliny the Elder makes an appearance once again, along with a peculiar extinct giraffe species. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/59 Links and Sources * Bressan, D. (2012) Early Paleoart: Of Prehistoric Monsters and Men. Scientific American. [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/history-of-geology/early-paleoart-of-prehistoric-monsters-and-men/] * Bressan, D. (2019) Nineteenth-Century Fossil Discoveries Influence Sea Serpent Reports. Forbes. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidbressan/2019/04/24/nineteenth-century-fossil-discoveries-influence-sea-serpent-reports/?sh=5fe8cff0481f] * Christen, A. G., & Christen, J. A. (2011). The unicorn and the narwhal: a tale of the tooth. Journal of the History of Dentistry, 59(3), 135-142. [https://europepmc.org/article/med/22372187] * Edmonds, P. (2018). The bunyip as uncanny rupture: Fabulous animals, innocuous quadrupeds and the Australian anthropocene. Australian Humanities Review, 63, 80-98. [https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87002466/AHR63_Edmonds-libre.pdf?1654396961=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DThe_bunyip_as_uncanny_rupture_Fabulous_a.pdf&Expires=1684247450&Signature=b6lDH7E1QSpmY4cwQbzpvqR9xwQSTz5UbZepii4IeZ~yh8ASY-IKCxwjsTlyKur9pYvC6qNzM7BO2rSoBqa31NASRz9d3rhF4ZWDtZcdwpHGTzR~ZJxAJ1v0bTFbRudAH4dfdLq6EnE1N-o6w3Xp8RXteMfSkUgOh5VcGCrX21NdwW5Vstf4z-G1pu3Ehq129CE0-FcFUBoO6rJv6JvwaQNjEX7rVdA-xmPUq7-c~Tr3GCIjRDtjphghlIxqrSOTLut08ohMdP0r5Q~HidQojAKe0wOKT81mGKKEFiFJaxNkYqJ2Vl-SuYNFwe3XkqkkE1sn~9PYMsB6OEUZxlYedQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA] * Hand, W.D. (2021). Magical Medicine: The Folkloric Component of Medicine in the Folk Belief, Custom, and Ritual of the Peoples of Europe and America. University of California Press. p. 298. [https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520306783/magical-medicine] * Mayor, A. and Heaney, M. (1993). "Griffins and Arimaspeans". Folklore. 104 (1–2): 40. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1260795] Additional sources can be found at: https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/59 Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion] * Motley Fool Save $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to  https://zen.ai/animalsfool and start your investing journey today! *$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price. * Laird Superfood Are you ready to feel more energized, focused, and supported? Go to https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals1 and add nourishing, plant-based foods to fuel you from sunrise to sunset. * Liquid I.V. Ready to shop better hydration, use my special link https://zen.ai/archaeoanimals to save 20% off anything you order.

Join us as we embark on another listener-requested episode topic, this time all about the zooarchaeology of animals used in warfare. From fiery pigs to Hannibal's infamous elephants, we take a look at how animals from around the world have been integral to military operations from prehistory to World War I. Links and Sources * Ameen, C., Benkert, H., Fraser, T., Gordon, R., Holmes, M., Johnson, W., ... & Outram, A. K. (2021). In search of the 'great horse': A zooarchaeological assessment of horses from England (AD 300–1650). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 31(6), 1247-1257. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/oa.3038] * Anthony, D. W., & Brown, D. R. (2017). The dogs of war: A Bronze Age initiation ritual in the Russian steppes. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 48, 134-148. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278416516301398?casa_token=_tHylVUQVRUAAAAA:RAGiv5aeLlUll1qcnTWtB0ceHB2B9X735U3v5UtcVE9thclPqcCq793ku5XPw8Hbdco9m4XPVSU] * Bendrey, R. (2010). The horse. In T O'Connor and N J Sykes (eds) Extinctions and Invasions: a social history of British fauna, 10-16. [https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/extinctions-and-invasions.html] * Dobat, A. S., Price, T. D., Kveiborg, J., Ilkjær, J., & Rowley-Conwy, P. (2014). The four horses of an Iron Age apocalypse: war-horses from the third-century weapon sacrifice at Illerup Aadal (Denmark). Antiquity, 88(339), 191-204. [https://www-cambridge-org.brad.idm.oclc.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/70104E3DBDB8C360B60A1BA97ACB75D4/S0003598X00050304a.pdf/four_horses_of_an_iron_age_apocalypse_warhorses_from_the_thirdcentury_weapon_sacrifice_at_illerup_aadal_denmark.pdf] * Kveiborg, J., & Nørgaard, M. (2022). Early Iron Age cavalry? Evidence of oral and thoracolumbar pathologies on possible warhorses from Iron Age, Denmark. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/oa.3154?casa_token=l31US9T_LFUAAAAA:5t9XSNb1pjULaEtwFncK0QWBqFTLgIjlGAZbW5Edx6U8P3mZpdmI8hJgwYRj173CKXaQPSFIIM9lGzo] *More references at https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/58 Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion] * Motley Fool Save $110 off the full list price of Stock Advisor for your first year, go to  https://zen.ai/animalsfool and start your investing journey today! *$110 discount off of $199 per year list price. Membership will renew annually at the then current list price.

Episode II: Attack of the Alex This episode, Alex and Simona dive back into the Star Wars universe and discuss the skeletal anatomy of a variety of creatures from both the canon lore and legends. Tune in to learn more about the possible ecology and anatomy of creatures such as the Krayt Dragon, the Kaadu and the Kowakian Monkey-Lizard and why nerf welfare is no laughing matter. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/57 Links and Sources * Ashby, J. (2018). Specimen of the Week 338: a tour of the Platypus Skeleton. UCL Culture Blog. [https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/museums/2018/04/13/specimen-of-the-week-338-a-tour-of-the-platypus-skeleton/] * Eisenstadt, A. (2021). The True Story Behind How Pearls Are Made. Smithsonian Magazine. [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/national-museum-of-natural-history/2021/08/05/true-story-behind-how-pearls-are-made/] * Glykou, A. (2014). Late Mesolithic-Early Neolithic Sealers: a case study on the exploitation of marine resources during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the south-western Baltic Sea. 'Human Exploitation of Aquatic Landscapes' special issue (ed. Ricardo Fernandes and John Meadows), Internet Archaeology 37. [https://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue37/7/ia.37.7.pdf] * Saladié, P., Huguet, R., Díez, C., Rodríguez‐Hidalgo, A., & Carbonell, E. (2013). Taphonomic modifications produced by modern brown bears (Ursus arctos). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 23(1), 13-33. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/oa.1237] * Sansweet, S.J. and Hidalgo, P. (2008). The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia. New York: Del Ray. [https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/The_Complete_Star_Wars_Encyclopedia] * Stokstradm E. (2004). A Whiff of Things to Come. Science. [https://www.science.org/content/article/whiff-things-come#:~:text=Most%20fish%20have%20four%20nostrils,exiting%20through%20the%20rear%20nostril.] * Wild E. R. (1997). Description of the adult skeleton and developmental osteology of the hyperossified horned frog, Ceratophrys cornuta (Anura:Leptodactylidae). Journal of morphology, 232(2), 169–206. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9097467/] Woo, M. (2018). BRIEF: Ancient Lizards Also Ran on Two Legs. Inside Science. [https://www.insidescience.org/news/brief-ancient-lizards-also-ran-two-legs] Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]

This episode brings together episodes 53 to 55 as the unexpected finale of a 'secret miniseries' on how zooarchaeology can be used to reconstruct palaeoenvironments in conjunction with other archaeological subdisciplines. But how can the presence or absence of a given toad species infer on past environments? Tune in to find out! Case studies feature the humble European pond turtle/terrapin/tortoise and the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of an Upper Pleistocene hyena den in Bois Roche, France. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/56 Links and Sources * Betts, M. W., Maschner, H. D., Clark, D. S., Moss, M. L., & Cannon, A. (2011). Zooarchaeology of the "Fish That stops". Moss, ML and Cannon, A., The Archaeology of North Pacific Fisheries, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, 171-195. * Foden, W. B. et al. (2009). Species susceptibility to climate change impacts. Wildlife in a changing world–an analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of threatened species, 77. * Muniz, F. P., Bissaro-Júnior, M. C., Guilherme, E., Souza-Filho, J. P. D., Negri, F. R., & Hsiou, A. S. (2021). Fossil frogs from the upper Miocene of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia (Solimões Formation, Acre Basin). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 41(6), e2089853. * Sommerseth, I. (2011). Archaeology and the debate on the transition from reindeer hunting to pastoralism. Rangifer, 31(1), 111-127. * Sommer, R. S., Persson, A., Wieseke, N., & Fritz, U. (2007). Holocene recolonization and extinction of the pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (L., 1758), in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 26(25-28), 3099-3107. * Sommer, R. S. et al. (2009). Unexpected early extinction of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in Sweden and climatic impact on its Holocene range. Molecular Ecology, 18(6), 1252-1262. * Waters, J. M., Fraser, C. I., Maxwell, J. J., & Rawlence, N. J. (2017). Did interaction between human pressure and Little Ice Age drive biological turnover in New Zealand?. Journal of Biogeography, 44(7), 1481-1490. * Villa, P., Goni, M. F. S., Bescos, G. C., Grün, R., Ajas, A., Pimienta, J. C. G., & Lees, W. (2010). The archaeology and paleoenvironment of an Upper Pleistocene hyena den: an integrated approach. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(5), 919-935. * Yeomans, L. (2018). Influence of Global and Local Environmental Change on Migratory Birds: Evidence for Variable Wetland Habitats in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of the Southern Levant. Journal of Wetland Archaeology, 18(1), 20-34. * Zuffi, M. A. L.; Celani, A.; Foschi, E.; Tripepi, S. (2007). "Reproductive strategies and body shape in the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) from contrasting habitats in Italy". Italian Journal of Zoology. 271 (2): 218–224. Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]

This episode of ArchaeoAnimals is about all creatures small and smaller! Tune in to learn more about small rodents and insectivores and their importance for reconstructing palaeoenvironments, characterising human-animal interactions, as well as their slow but inevitable spread through the near entirety of the globe. Case studies include the house mouse in the Levant, the Pacific rat in Mangareva, and Deer Mice and Montane Vole in Washington, USA. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/55 Links and Sources * Baker, P., & Worley, F. (2019). Animal bones and archaeology: recovery to archive. Historic England. * Cucchi, Thomas, et al. (2014) "The changing pace of insular life: 5000 years of microevolution in the Orkney vole (Microtus arvalis orcadensis)." Evolution 68.10. 2804-2820. * Fraser, M., Sten, S., & Götherström, A. (2012). Neolithic Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from the Island of Gotland show early contacts with the Swedish mainland. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(2), 229-233. * Lyman, R. L. (2003). Lessons from temporal variation in the mammalian faunas from two collections of owl pellets in Columbia County, Washington. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 13(3), 150-156. * McGovern, T., et al. (2008) "NABONE Zooarchaeological Database: Recording System Codes." * Swift, J. A., Miller, M. J., & Kirch, P. V. (2017). Stable isotope analysis of Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) from archaeological sites in Mangareva (French Polynesia): The use of commensal species for understanding human activity and ecosystem change. Environmental Archaeology, 22(3), 283-297. * Weissbrod, L. et al. (2017) "Origins of house mice in ecological niches created by settled hunter-gatherers in the Levant 15,000 y ago." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114.16. 4099-4104. * https://www.nhbs.com/blog/uk-small-mammal-identification  [https://www.nhbs.com/blog/uk-small-mammal-identification] Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motio [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]

In this episode of ArchaeoAnimals, Alex and Simona explore the Land of Reptilia. From the humble Grass Snake to the mighty Nile Crocodile, tune in to learn more about reptile remains in archaeology around the world. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/54 Links and Sources * https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/where_to_see_reptiles * Bochaton, C. (2022). First records of modified snake bones in the Pre-Columbian archaeological record of the Lesser Antilles: Cultural and paleoecological implications. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 17(1), 126-141. * Cordero, G. A. (2017). "The Turtle's Shell". Current Biology. 27 (5): R168–R169. * Gillreath-Brown, A., & Peres, T. M. (2017). Identifying turtle shell rattles in the archaeological record of the southeastern United States. Ethnobiology Letters, 8(1), 109-114. * Monchot, H., Bailon, S., & Schiettecatte, J. (2014). Archaeozoological evidence for traditional consumption of spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastyx aegyptia) in Saudi Arabia. Journal of archaeological science, 45, 96-102. * O'Connor, T. (2008) The Archaeology of Animal Bones. Texas A&M University Press. * Schneider, C. S., Pokines, J. T., L'Abbé, E. N., & Pobiner, B. (2022). Reptile Taphonomy. In Manual of Forensic Taphonomy (pp. 667-694). CRC Press. * van Wijngaarden-Bakker, L. H., & Troostheide, K. D. (2003). Bones and eggs. The archaeological presence of the grass snake Natrix natrix (L.) in The Netherlands. Environmental Archaeology, 8(2), 111-118. * Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]

In this episode of ArchaeoAnimals, take a journey into the world of amphibians with us. Witness the latest of Alex's hot archaeology takes, discover the unbelievable cuteness of the axolotl and why amphibian remains are so crucial to the reconstruction of past environments. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/53 Links and Sources * https://bna-naturalists.org/id-guide-british-amphibians/ * https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/complete-axolotl-genome-could-reveal-secret-regenerating-tissues-180971335/ * Buckley, M., & Cheylan, M. (2020). Collagen fingerprinting for the species identification of archaeological amphibian remains. Boreas, 49(4), 709-717. * Dittrich, C., & Götting-Martin, E. (2021). 'Green Frog in the Water'. A Herpetological Approach to the Magico-Medical Use of Frogs and Frog-Amulets in Mesopotamia. In Bridging the Gap: Disciplines, Times, and Spaces in Dialogue. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. * O'Connor, T. (2008) The Archaeology of Animal Bones. Texas A&M University Press. * Porcasi, J. F. (2010). Archaeological evidence for dietary use of bigfoot leopard frog (Lithobates megapoda) in postclassic and colonial central Mexico. Culture & Agriculture. 32 (1): 42–48. * Yan, F. et al. (2018). The Chinese giant salamander exemplifies the hidden extinction of cryptic species. Current Biology, 28(10), R590-R592. Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]

In this belated spooky episode, we untangle the web that is xenomorph anatomy, the creatures from the popular Alien franchise. Listen in for tales of stress inducing videogame sessions, what a dog xenomorph looks like, and in-depth analysis of the role of the facehugger in the xenomorph life cycle. Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/52 Links * https://www.inverse.com/article/31942-an-explanation-of-alien-covenant-xenomorph-biology * https://avp.fandom.com/wiki/Mesoskeleton Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]

In this episode of ArchaeoAnimals, Alex and Simona put their party hats on to discuss their favourite animal bones as a (slightly belated) celebration of the first 50 episodes of the podcast! Interested in sponsoring this show or podcast ads for your business? Zencastr makes it really easy! Click this message for more info. [https://zen.ai/thearchaeologyshow] Start your own podcast with Zencastr and get 30% off your first three months with code ANIMALS. Click this message for more information. [https://zencastr.com/pricing?coupon=ANIMALS&fpr=w7bqv] Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/51 Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]

Welcome to the final episode of our miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centred around Antarctica, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found throughout the continent. Tune in to learn about exploration expeditions gone wrong and interestingly named Guernsey cattle. Interested in sponsoring this show or podcast ads for your business? Zencastr makes it really easy! Click this message for more info. [https://zen.ai/thearchaeologyshow] Start your own podcast with Zencastr and get 30% off your first three months with code ANIMALS. Click this message for more information. [https://zencastr.com/pricing?coupon=ANIMALS&fpr=w7bqv] Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/50 Links * Headland, R. (2012). History of exotic terrestrial mammals in Antarctic regions. Polar Record, 48(2), 123-144. * Kelly, N. et al. (2012). Strategies to obtain a new circumpolar abundance estimate for Antarctic Blue Whales: survey design and sampling protocols. IWC SC/64/SH10. * Senatore, M. X. (2020). Things in Antarctica. An archaeological perspective. The Polar Journal, 10(2), 397-419. * Skinner, L. A. (2014). Archaeological excavation and artefact conservation at the Heroic-Era expedition bases, Ross Island, Antarctica. Journal of Glacial Archaeology ISSN (online), 2050, 3407. * https://polarjournal.ch/en/2021/06/24/antarctic-explorers-let-sled-dogs-starve/ * https://theconversation.com/cows-in-antarctica-how-one-expedition-milked-them-for-all-their-worth-81747 * https://www.courthousenews.com/scientists-sound-alarm-on-invasive-species-in-antarctica/ * https://www.southpolestation.com/trivia/igy1/garden.html * smithsonianmag.com/history/sacrifice-amid-the-ice-facing-facts-on-the-scott-expedition-96367423/ Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]

Welcome to episode three of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. Join us on a journey to Oceania as we learn about the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found in the area. Tune in to learn more about creatures such as the cassowary, thylacine and platypus. Interested in sponsoring this show or podcast ads for your business? Zencastr makes it really easy! Click this message for more info. [https://zen.ai/thearchaeologyshow] Start your own podcast with Zencastr and get 30% off your first three months with code ANIMALS. Click this message for more information. [https://zencastr.com/pricing?coupon=ANIMALS&fpr=w7bqv] Transcripts For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/49 Sources For a list of sources go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/49 Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]

RE-POST: Sorry for the duplicate episode. Had to post a correction! Ignore if you've already heard Ep 48. Welcome to episode three of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centred around Asian zooarchaeology, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found throughout the continent. Tune in to learn how pandas were mistaken for tapirs, grunting oxen and oracle bones. Interested in sponsoring this show or podcast ads for your business? Zencastr makes it really easy! Click this message for more info. [https://zen.ai/thearchaeologyshow] Start your own podcast with Zencastr and get 30% off your first three months with code ANIMALS. Click this message for more information. [https://zencastr.com/pricing?coupon=ANIMALS&fpr=w7bqv]

Welcome to episode three of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centered around American zooarchaeology, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found throughout North and South America. Tune in for beaver-pretenders, bison-cattle hybrids and even more moose/elk arguments! Interested in learning about how to use X-Rays and similar technology in archaeology? Check out the linked PaleoImaging course from James Elliot! [https://www.paleoimaging.com/about-the-paleoradiography-course] Connect with James on Twitter: @paleoimaging [https://twitter.com/Paleoimaging] Interested in sponsoring this show or podcast ads for your business? Zencastr makes it really easy! Click this message for more info. [https://zen.ai/thearchaeologyshow] Start your own podcast with Zencastr and get 30% off your first three months with code ANIMALS. Click this message for more information. [https://zencastr.com/pricing?coupon=ANIMALS&fpr=w7bqv] For rough transcripts of this episode go to https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/47 Links * Anning, C. (2011) Inca success in Peruvian Andes 'thanks to llama dung'. BBC News. * Crader, D. C. (1997). Prehistoric use of beaver in coastal Maine (USA). Anthropozoologica, 25(26), 225-236. * - Halbert, N. et al. (2007). "Where the buffalo roam: The role of history and genetics in the conservation of bison on U.S. federal lands". Park Science. 24 (2): 22–29. * Hirst, K.K. (2018) Llamas and Alpacas: The Domestication History of Camelids in South America. ThoughtCo. * Hubbard, T. (2014). Buffalo Genocide in Nineteenth-Century North America. Colonial genocide in indigenous North America, 292-305. * Petrigh, R. S., & Fugassa, M. H. (2013). Molecular identification of a Fuegian dog belonging to the Fagnano Regional Museum ethnographic collection, Tierra del Fuego. Quaternary International, 317, 14-18. * Miller, G. R. (2003). Food for the dead, tools for the afterlife: Zooarchaeology at Machu Picchu. In Burger, R. L., and Salazar, L. C. (eds.), The 1912 Yale Peruvian Scientific Expedition Collections from Machu Picchu: Human and Animal Remains. * Saunders, N. J. (1994). Predators of Culture: Jaguar Symbolism and Mesoamerican Elites. World Archaeology, 26(1), 104–117. * Speller, C. F. et al. (2010). "Ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals complexity of indigenous North American Canham domestication". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (7): 2807–2812. * Turner, B. L., and Armelagos, G. J. (2012). "Diet, residential origin, and pathology at Machu Picchu, Peru". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 149 (1): 71–83. * https://historicjamestowne.org/collections/artifacts/faunal-material/ * https://blog.nature.org/science/2017/11/20/tracing-the-wild-origins-of-the-domestic-turkey/ Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * Tee [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff]

Welcome to episode two of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centred around African zooarchaeology, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species. Find out more about African Giant Rats, how loud Guinea fowls can be and what a zebrinny is. Interested in learning about how to use X-Rays and similar technology in archaeology? Check out the linked PaleoImaging course from James Elliot! [https://www.paleoimaging.com/about-the-paleoradiography-course] Connect with James on Twitter: @paleoimaging [https://twitter.com/Paleoimaging] Interested in sponsoring this show or podcast ads for your business? Zencastr makes it really easy! Click this message for more info. [https://zen.ai/thearchaeologyshow] Start your own podcast with Zencastr and get 30% off your first three months with code ANIMALS. Click this message for more information. [https://zencastr.com/pricing?coupon=ANIMALS&fpr=w7bqv] For rough transcripts of this episode go to www.archpodnet.com/animals/46 [https://www.archpodnet.com/animals/46] Links * Beja-Pereira, A., et al. (2004). African origins of the domestic donkey. Science, 304, 1781. * Boeyens, J. C., & Van der Ryst, M. M. (2014). The cultural and symbolic significance of the African rhinoceros: a review of the traditional beliefs, perceptions and practices of agropastoralist societies in southern Africa. Southern African Humanities, 26(1), 21-55. * Marshall, F. (1989). Rethinking the role of Bos indicus in sub-Saharan Africa. Current Anthropology, 30(2), 235-240. * Parkinson, J. A. (2018). Revisiting the hunting-versus-scavenging debate at FLK Zinj: a GIS spatial analysis of bone surface modifications produced by hominins and carnivores in the FLK 22 assemblage, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 511, 29-51. * Pikirayi, I. (2018). The demise of Great Zimbabwe, AD 1420–1550: an environmental re-appraisal. In A Green and R Leech (eds) Cities in the World, 1500-2000.Routledge, 31-47.. * Potts, R. (1984). Home Bases and Early Hominids: Reevaluation of the fossil record at Olduvai Gorge suggests that the concentrations of bones and stone tools do not represent fully formed campsites but an antecedent to them. American Scientist, 72(4), 338-347. * Rossel, S. et al. (2008). Domestication of the donkey: Timing, processes, and indicators. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(10), 3715-3720. * Shen, Q. et al. (2021). Genomic analyses unveil helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) domestication in West Africa. Genome biology and evolution, 13(6). * Stiner, M. C. (2004). Comparative ecology and taphonomy of spotted hyenas, humans, and wolves in Pleistocene Italy. Revue de Paléobiologie, 23(2), 771-785. * Wylie, D. (2009). Elephant. Reaktion Books Contact * Alex FitzpatrickTwitter: @archaeologyfitz [http://www.twitter.com/archaeologyfitz] * Simona FalangaTwitter: @CrazyBoneLady [http://www.twitter.com/crazybonelady] * Alex's Blog: Animal Archaeology [https://animalarchaeology.com/] * Music "Coconut - (dyalla remix)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2UiKoouqaY Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/] * Motion [https://www.archpodnet.com/motion]