Martha Nussbaum is an American philosopher and current Professor of  Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, where she is jointly  appointed in the law school and the philosophy department. She has a particular interest in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, political  philosophy, feminism, and ethics, including animal rights.

In this essay, Nussbaum analyzes the works of Judith Butler,  particularly her theory of gender performativity, and what Nussbaum  calls Butler's “hip  quietism” which “collaborates with evil”.

“What precisely does Butler offer when she counsels subversion? She  tells us to engage in parodic performances, but she warns us that the dream of escaping altogether from the oppressive structures is just a dream: it is within the oppressive structures that we must find little spaces for resistance, and this resistance cannot hope to change the  overall situation. And here lies a dangerous quietism.

For Butler, the act of subversion is so riveting, so sexy, that it is a  bad dream to think that the world will actually get better. What a bore equality is! No bondage, no delight. In this way, her pessimistic  erotic anthropology offers support to an amoral anarchist politics.

Finally, there is despair at the heart of the cheerful Butlerian  enterprise. The big hope, the hope for a world of real justice, where laws and institutions protect the equality and the dignity of all  citizens, has been banished, even perhaps mocked as sexually tedious.  Judith Butler's hip quietism is a comprehensible response to the difficulty of realizing justice in America. But it is a bad response. It collaborates with evil. Feminism  demands more and women deserve better. "

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