Distributive shock is one of the most important shock states to recognize in emergency and critical care medicine. In this high-yield breakdown, we cover pathophysiology, clinical presentation, hemodynamics, and evidence-based management — including sepsis, anaphylaxis, and neurogenic shock. You’ll learn: ↓ SVR and “relative hypovolemia” Warm shock vs late cold shock progression Hyperdynamic cardiac output in early sepsis Neurogenic shock and bradycardia When to use fluids vs vasopressors Norepinephrine as first-line pressor When to add vasopressin or steroids Key trials: EGDT, ProCESS, ARISE, ProMISe, VASST, SOAP II, ADRENAL, APROCCHSS. Management pearls: Fluids + antibiotics early in septic shock IM epinephrine first-line for anaphylaxis Phenylephrine or norepinephrine in neurogenic shock MAP ≥ 65 mmHg, lactate clearance, urine output targets 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES (for this video), PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine 👍Become a WhiteBoard Medicine member for early access and perks! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiMhM7xCTT8b5SJRnhpH7Ag/join 👇DON'T MISS OUT - JOIN OUR PATREON COMMUNITY TODAY 👇 https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicine We appreciate the support! DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Pulmonary artery catheters (PACs), also known as Swan-Ganz catheters, provide a detailed window into a patient’s hemodynamics. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine In this episode, we cover: What a PAC is and what it measures (RA, RV, PA, PAOP, CO, SvO₂). When to use it: refractory shock, advanced heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, complex perioperative cases. Step-by-step placement and waveform interpretation. Calculations: SVR, PVR, CI, SvO₂ — and how to apply them clinically. Key benefits, limitations, and risks (arrhythmias, PA rupture, over-wedging). Landmark trials: ESCAPE (2005), PAC-Man (2005), Sandham (2003), FACTT (2006). How to integrate PAC data with echocardiography for patient management. Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-nlPhZP49U DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBTs) are the gold-standard test to determine whether a patient can be safely extubated from mechanical ventilation. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine In this episode, we break down everything you need to know: What SBTs are and why they matter. Prerequisites before starting a trial. The different SBT methods: T-piece, Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV), and CPAP. How to assess patient success with RSBI, vital signs, and clinical markers. Landmark studies, including Esteban et al. (NEJM 1996) and Thille et al. (JAMA 2016). A full review of Tanios et al. (Crit Care Med 2016) evaluating RSBI in modern ICUs. Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvipBHX2BAQ DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Unlock the world of anti-arrhythmic drugs in this high-yield medical education episode! Perfect for medical students, residents, and healthcare professionals preparing for exams or clinical practice. We’ll start with the basics of cardiac electrophysiology and the action potential phases, then move into the Vaughan Williams classification system. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine  Finally, we’ll take a deep dive into three critical drug classes: Class 2: Beta Blockers (mechanism, indications, side effects) Class 3: Potassium Channel Blockers (e.g., amiodarone, sotalol) Class 4: Calcium Channel Blockers (diltiazem, verapamil) By the end, you’ll have a clear understanding of how these drugs work, when to use them, and their clinical pearls. Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnWXkSAzgqw DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

In this comprehensive episode, we combine our earlier discussions on beta-blocker overdose and calcium channel blocker overdose into one high-yield comparison. These are two of the most dangerous cardiovascular toxicities encountered in emergency medicine and critical care. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine 👉 You’ll learn: Mechanisms of toxicity (β-receptor blockade vs calcium channel blockade) Symptoms & clinical findings: bradycardia, hypotension, seizures, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema Diagnostic pearls: hypoglycemia in beta-blocker toxicity vs hyperglycemia in calcium channel blocker toxicity Stepwise treatment: airway, IV fluids, atropine, glucagon, calcium, high-dose insulin euglycemia therapy (HIET), vasopressors, lipid emulsion, pacing, and ECMO Unique features: lipophilic beta blockers causing CNS depression, verapamil causing profound cardiogenic shock Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WunW6SY1kc4 DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

In this episode, we break down the critical differences between beta-blocker overdose and calcium channel blocker overdose — two high-risk toxicologic emergencies that every emergency medicine and critical care clinician must recognize. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine 👉 You’ll learn: The mechanisms behind each toxicity Key clinical symptoms and diagnostic clues How to differentiate hypoglycemia (BB) vs hyperglycemia (CCB) Stepwise management including airway, fluids, glucagon, calcium, HIET, vasopressors, IV lipid emulsion, pacing, and ECMO This quick comparison will give you a practical bedside framework for managing these challenging cases. Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRd1iK2I4XY DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

How do you truly master fluid assessment in critical care? 💧 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine You’ll learn: Step-by-step how to use each tool 🛠️ Clinical applications and pitfalls ⚠️ Evidence base behind dynamic vs static indices 📚 A practical bedside algorithm 🔀 3 board-style practice questions to test your knowledge 📝 This video is a high-yield guide for medical students, residents, and ICU/critical care clinicians. Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbSRIBKgHJo DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Can ChatGPT help you write high-quality practice questions for medical education and exam prep? ✅ 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine In this episode, we cover: Why AI-generated questions can accelerate active learning and save educators time 🤖 Step-by-step: how to prompt ChatGPT to generate USMLE/board-style multiple-choice questions 📝 Examples of strong prompts and common pitfalls ⚠️ How to validate, refine, and deploy AI-generated content for students and trainees Workflow tips for batching, difficulty adjustment, and formatting consistency Evidence behind AI-assisted medical education 📚 Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1xKw17cYns DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

How do you assess fluid status at the bedside? In this episode, we break down the four main fluid assessment strategies used in emergency and critical care: 🔹 Central Venous Pressure (CVP) – static, trend-based but poor predictor of fluid responsiveness 🔹 Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV) – dynamic and strong evidence in the right conditions 🔹 Passive Leg Raise (PLR) – safe, reversible preload challenge valid across rhythms and ventilation 🔹 Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Ultrasound – quick, non-invasive, helpful in extremes of volume status 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine You’ll learn: The physiology behind each method 🧠 Step-by-step how to use them at the bedside 🛠️ Strengths and limitations ⚖️ A quick comparison table 📋 Evidence-based pearls 📚 3 practice board-style questions (beginner, intermediate, advanced) 📝 This video is a high-yield resource for medical students, residents, and ICU/critical care clinicians who want to improve their understanding of fluid management in shock. Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyoEbyROxRg DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) ultrasound is a simple, fast, and non-invasive bedside tool for estimating volume status and fluid responsiveness. By assessing the IVC diameter and its respiratory variation, clinicians can better guide resuscitation — especially in shock or critically ill patients. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine In this episode, we cover: What IVC ultrasound assessment is and why it matters 🩻 How to measure the IVC step by step (probe choice, view, diameter, M-mode) 🛠️ Collapsibility and distensibility indices explained 📏 Clinical interpretation in spontaneously breathing vs mechanically ventilated patients 🩺 Rules of thumb: tiny/collapsible vs dilated/non-collapsing IVC Strengths, limitations, and pitfalls ⚠️ Evidence base and guidelines for IVC use 📚 A practical bedside algorithm for fluid assessment 🔀 3 board-style practice questions (beginner, intermediate, advanced) 📝 Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jImOBX0OTuI  DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

The Passive Leg Raise (PLR) test is one of the most reliable and safest ways to assess fluid responsiveness at the bedside — without giving unnecessary IV fluids. By mobilizing ~300–500 mL of venous blood centrally, PLR provides a reversible preload challenge that can guide resuscitation in critically ill patients. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine In this episode, we cover: What the Passive Leg Raise test is and how it works 🧠 Step-by-step guide on how to perform PLR correctly 🛠️ What constitutes a positive PLR response (SV/CO ↑ ≥10–15%) 📊 When PLR is most useful (shock, septic patients, weaning pressors, high-risk fluid cases) ✅ Contraindications and pitfalls 🚫 Evidence base supporting PLR vs. static measures like CVP and IVC ultrasound 📚 Clinical pearls and board-style practice questions 📝 Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5Y6i62fCc0  DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV) is one of the most reliable bedside tools for assessing fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Unlike static measures such as CVP, PPV uses arterial waveform analysis to predict whether a patient will benefit from fluids. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine In this episode, we cover: What PPV is and the physiology behind it 🫀 Step-by-step method to calculate PPV from the arterial line 🧮 Clinical thresholds: ≥13%, ≤9%, and the “gray zone” 📊 The tidal volume challenge and adjunct tests (PLR, mini-fluid challenge) Strengths, pitfalls, and when PPV is unreliable ⚠️ Evidence from meta-analyses and sepsis guidelines A quick bedside algorithm for real-world use 🔀 3 board-style practice questions (beginner to advanced) 📝 Link to video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgBYp7U6skY DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Sympathomimetic toxicity is a common emergency medicine presentation, often caused by cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, and stimulant medications. These cases can mimic other toxidromes and may progress to life-threatening hyperthermia, arrhythmias, seizures, or multi-organ failure. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine In this video, we cover: What sympathomimetics are and common agents (cocaine, meth, MDMA, stimulants) 💊 Mechanism of toxicity: catecholamine excess (NE, dopamine, serotonin) 🔬 Clinical presentation: agitation, tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, chest pain, seizures 🩺 Diagnostic workup and differentiating from anticholinergic toxidrome ED/ICU management: benzodiazepines first line, cooling, fluids, avoid pure β blockers 🚑 Complications: rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, ACS, stroke, hyponatremia Prognosis, pearls, and practice questions for learners Link To Video Version:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL_YJ6oOZNY DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Beta blocker overdose is one of the most dangerous cardiovascular emergencies, leading to bradycardia, hypotension, seizures, and cardiogenic shock. Agents like propranolol, metoprolol, carvedilol, and atenolol can cause life-threatening toxicity, especially with ER formulations or co-ingestions. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine In this podcast, we cover: What beta blockers are and why overdoses are so dangerous 💊 Mechanisms of toxicity: β1/β2 blockade, sodium channel blockade, lipophilicity, and QT prolongation 🔬 Clinical presentation: bradycardia, shock, seizures, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia 🩺 Emergency management: airway/IV access, glucagon, HIET (high-dose insulin therapy), vasopressors, sodium bicarbonate, lipid emulsion, ECMO 🚑 Diagnostic workup and monitoring strategies in the ED/ICU Prognosis, pearls, and practice questions for learners Link To Video Version:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2zwZl323j0 DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

The Shock Index (SI) is one of the simplest but most powerful bedside tools in emergency medicine and critical care. Defined as heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure (HR ÷ SBP), SI often outperforms vital signs alone for detecting occult shock. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Link To Video Version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CoHL94ALB4 👉 Subscribe for more emergency & critical care medicine content! 👍Become a WhiteBoard Medicine member for early access and perks! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiMhM7xCTT8b5SJRnhpH7Ag/join 👇DON'T MISS OUT - JOIN OUR PATREON COMMUNITY TODAY 👇 https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicine DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Sepsis and septic shock remain some of the most critical conditions in emergency medicine and critical care. 🦠 In this video, we start with the basics of sepsis and septic shock before moving into more advanced topics: sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, sepsis pathophysiology, and sepsis phenotypes. Learn how to recognize, understand, and manage sepsis from the ground up. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Timestamps: 0:00 - 22:01 - Sepsis Basic Concepts 20:02 - 45:44 - Septic Shock Overview 45:45 - 1:03:25 - Septic Shock Advanced Pathophysiology 1:03:26 - 1:25:09 - Sepsis Induced Cardiomyopathy (SICM) 1:25:10 - 1:41:23 - Sepsis Phenotypes Link to YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6eq1MoOUCs DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

In this episode, we break down how to approach acute hypoxemic respiratory failure at the bedside. You’ll learn step-by-step interpretation of arterial blood gases (ABG), venous blood gases (VBG), alveolar-arterial (Aa) gradient, and using the chest x-ray and ABG to diagnose the cause. We’ll cover the physiology, practical interpretation pearls, and common pitfalls so you can confidently apply this knowledge in the ICU, ED, or wards. Link To YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-6Qn5dmyxU 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Timestamps: 0:00 - 15:02 - Arterial Blood Gas Sampling and Analysis 15:03 - 30:14 - Venous Blood Gas Sampling and Analysis 30:15 - 42:22 - Using, Calculating, and Understanding the Aa Gradient 42:23 - 53:32 - Diagnosing Cause of Hypoxemia Using ABG and CXR DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Master the fundamentals of cardiac physiology — from chamber pressures and cardiac output to preload, afterload, contractility, and the Fick equation. 🫀 This episode breaks down complex hemodynamics and devices into simple, high-yield concepts for exams and bedside care. Perfect for medical students, residents, fellows, nurses, physiologists, and clinicians in emergency medicine, critical care, and cardiology. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Timestamps: 0:00 - 9:46 - Cardiac Chamber Pressures, Pulmonary Artery Catheters, Central Venous Catheters 9:47 - 36:46- Cardiac Output, Heart Rate, Preload, Contractility, Afterload 36:47 - 51:37 - Fick Equation, Explanation, Derivation Link to YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrVITCyZhzk DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Master the key pressures in mechanical ventilation: peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure, and driving pressure. In this episode, we break down what each pressure means, how to measure them, and why they’re critical for managing patients in the ICU and emergency department. Perfect for medical students, residents, critical care fellows, respiratory therapists, emergency nurses, critical care nurse, and anyone preparing for exams. 🚑🫁 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Timestamps: 0:00 - 12:31 - Defining peak and plateau pressures, how to measure, what is normal 12:32 - 20:37 - High peak/high plateau, high peak/low plateau, comparison, differential diagnosis 20:38 - 22:40 - Waveform analysis, measurement, inspiratory hold 22:41 - 37:40 - Driving pressure, definition, calculation, use, optimization Link To YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXlDUMbSjrY DISCLAIMER THIS VIDEO DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is a cornerstone of modern critical care, cardiology, and cardiac surgery. In this episode, we review the most important devices — LVADs, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and ECMO — with a focus on when and how they’re used. 📌 What’s covered in this video: Basics of mechanical circulatory support (MCS). LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device): how it works, indications, complications, alarms, suction events. IABP (Intra-aortic Balloon Pump): mechanism, timing, clinical pearls. ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation): types (VA vs VV), patient selection, and troubleshooting. Practical ICU and ED applications. 📖 More Resources Download study guides, infographics, and practice questions here: https://www.patreon.com/collection/1443765 Timestamps: Chapter 1 (0:00 - 33:37) - LVAD Anatomy, Physiology, Indications, Contraindications, Evaluation, Complications Chapter 2 (33:38 - 47:17) - LVAD Alarms Flow, Power, Pulsatility Index Chapter 3 (47:18 - 57:52) - LVAD Suction Events Chapter 4 (57:53 - 01:19:15) - IABP Placement, Waveforms, Hemodynamics, Indications, Complications Chapter 5 (01:19:16 - 01:53:53) - ECMO Principles, Types, Anatomy, Indications, Complications Link to YouTube Video:  👍Become a WhiteBoard Medicine member for early access and perks! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiMhM7xCTT8b5SJRnhpH7Ag/join 👇DON'T MISS OUT - JOIN OUR PATREON COMMUNITY TODAY 👇 https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicine DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.