Join us in this enlightening podcast episode as Kapil Balhara from Global Demos takes us on a journey to explore the evolution of consent-based dispute resolution mechanisms, such as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and Plea Bargaining. We begin by understanding the challenges in the current legal system, including delays, high costs, and adversarial processes, leading to erosion of faith in the legal system. The need for change is evident, and we delve into how consent-based dispute resolution can address these challenges. We introduce Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as a compelling alternative to traditional court procedures. ADR encompasses methods like Arbitration, Mediation, Conciliation, and Lok Adalat, and its essence lies in flexibility, problem-solving approach, and customizable settlements based on mutual interests. Taking a historical perspective, we trace the roots of consent-based dispute resolution in India, examining ancient practices of settlement outside the formal justice system, involving respected community members and private tribunals. We draw parallels between ancient methods and modern mediation, emphasizing direct participation of parties and the role of mediators as peacemakers. The impact of British rule on dispute resolution in India is explored, as British-style courts replaced traditional dispute resolution institutions, leading to the decline of indigenous practices. However, the evolution of arbitration laws in India, from the Indian Arbitration Act of 1899 to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996, showcases a renewed focus on alternative means of resolving disputes. Moving on to post-independence, we analyze legislative provisions that promote ADR, including the establishment of the National Legal Services Authority in 1987 and the Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996. We discuss how courts actively refer cases to ADR methods, and various statutes, such as the Family Courts Act 1984, the Hindu Marriage Act 1955, and the Gram Nyayalayas Act 2008, provide for ADR in India. The podcast then delves into the significance of ADR in the Indian legal system, its recognition by the Supreme Court, and its role in procedural and family law. We explore the suitability of cases for ADR and the non-exhaustive and flexible list of cases for ADR referrals. The mandatory vs. optional ADR debate is discussed, along with the essential requirement for arbitration participation. In a digital age, the podcast highlights the rise of Online Alternative Dispute Resolution (OADR) as a powerful solution to address the challenges of e-commerce and geographical barriers. We discuss the role of the Information Technology Act 2000 and the impact of OADR on the Indian judiciary. The second part of the podcast is dedicated to exploring Plea Bargaining in India. We trace its origin and guiding principle, which emphasizes mutual satisfaction in a crowded justice system through cooperation between the defendant and prosecutor. Plea Bargaining's introduction in India as an alternative to obtain confessions under judicial supervision and its role in streamlining criminal justice are discussed. We then delve into the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 and its Chapter XXI A, which governs Plea Bargaining in India. Eligibility criteria, exclusions, and the plea bargaining process are explained in detail, along with the court's discretion and voluntary consent. We explore the advantages and criticisms of Plea Bargaining, acknowledging its time-saving benefits but also discussing potential violations of justice principles and concerns regarding coercion. In conclusion, Kapil Balhara sheds light on India's approach to dispute resolution, emphasizing the blend of modernity and ancient traditions through ADR. The podcast highlights how consent-based dispute resolution methods like ADR and Plea Bargaining play a crucial role in achieving social justice and resolving disputes in the modern era. #pleabargaining