
Wearable biosensors are emerging as transformative tools for real-time immunosuppression and graft monitoring in abdominal organ transplantation. These devices—ranging from sweat and interstitial fluid sensors to subcutaneous and implantable platforms—can detect key biomarkers such as tacrolimus levels, cytokines, CRP, creatinine, and tissue oxygenation. By integrating with mobile apps and cloud-based dashboards, they enable continuous, non-invasive monitoring that may help detect early rejection, infection, or drug toxicity. Though still largely in prototype or early clinical stages, these technologies promise to shift post-transplant care from reactive, clinic-based models to proactive, personalized management. Challenges remain, including biocompatibility, analytical accuracy, and patient compliance, but recent advances suggest a strong trajectory toward clinical adoption.