How did normal cell biology let scientists come up with mRNA vaccines "so fast"...about 80 years of research went into these overnight vaccines.

These brand new vaccines are built an enormous amount of data on vaccines here are a few of the ones I read:

https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/the-origin-of-the-word-vaccine/https://www.immunology.org/celebrate-vaccines/public-engagement/guide-childhood-vaccinations/how-vaccines-work

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253346/

https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/how-do-vaccines-work

Video explanation of immunity and vaccines  and More detailed medical term one

NCBI- Pubmed findable science articles on the history of mRNA for vaccinces

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3597572/

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00594/full

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-020-0159-8

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcibr2009737

CDC information on the current mRNA viruses for COVID19

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/hcp/mrna-vaccine-basics.html

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/index.html

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/moderna/index.html