Huge climate change coming up, if we continue business as usual. The ocean current system, the AMOC, keeps Europe in a relatively mild climate. But the currents show signs of tipping to a dormant state already at mid-century. Peter Ditlevsen, the University of Copenhagen.

Ice sheets, ocean current systems, and other slowly reacting climate subsystems can be saved after having crossed their tipping points. Paul Ritchie, University of Exeter, on tipping and temperature overshoot.

Large, complex climate models previously failed to simulate the frequent, abrupt climate changes of the latest glacial period. However, there is progress in this field. Interview with Louise Sime, The British Antarctic Survey.

Louise Sime from the British Antarctic Survey explains findings that have indicated the Arctic could be technically free of sea ice most summers within a couple of decades.

Extreme and sudden warmings during the latest ice age might have been controlled by certain amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere. Guido Vettoretti from the University of Copenhagen explains this finding.

Two studies this year involving Niklas Boers of the TiPES-project have found early warning signals for tipping of a large ocean current system in the North Atlantic, called the AMOC and the Greenland ice sheet. In this TiPES-podcast Niklas Boers explains the findings.

In this TiPES-podcast, we try to reach an intuitive understanding of climate tipping - not least rate-induced tipping which is when the speed of climate change tilts the system in an irreversible manner. Our guest is Professor Peter Ashwin from the University of Exeter, UK. Peter Ashwin was one of the discoverers of rate-induced tipping in 2012.

A study in Science indicates that we should reconsider the idea of irreversible abrupt climate change, known as climate tipping. The climate system is more likely to change in smaller steps that might be reversed if we act quickly enough, the authors argue. Robbin Bastiaansen from the Unversity of Utrecht in The Netherlands explains.

It is important to understand the risk of tipping points under the current climatic situation. To help increase scientific focus on this subject, Thomas Stocker, University of Bern, Switzerland hopes the IPCC will reserve a chapter in the next assessment report to tipping points in the Earth system.

The accuracy of climate predictions depends crucially on how the ocean circulation of the North Atlantic is incorporated into climate models, a study shows. Katinka Bellomo, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate explains the findings.

We know, that climate tipping could lead to abrupt climate changes. It now turns out, tipping might take place before we would expect it to - due to rate-induced tipping. Johannes Lohmann from Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, The Niels Bohr Institute, the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.  

Deforestation and climate change drive the Amazon rainforest towards tipping points. Niklas Boers from the Potsdam Institute of Climate Change Impact on the mechanisms that threatens the South American rainforest.

Severe droughts are becoming more frequent in the Amazon rainforest and not only damage the forest but also impact the lives of millions in the area negatively. Niklas Boers from Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research explains how it is now possible to forecast these droughts up to 18 months in advance.

It has long been suspected that the repeated abrupt spikes of heating which took place during the ice ages (Dansgaard-Oeschger events) impacted most parts of the world. Now it has been confirmed by data. Sune Olander Rasmussen from the NIels Bohr Institute explains the finding, published today in Science. 

In 2015 Sune Olander Rasmussen from the Niels Bohr Institute was left with a small a few colleagues on the ice sheet of Renland in Eastern Greenland. Their job was to point out the best spot to drill ice which could be used for calibrating temperatures in other ice samples.

We know from the past, that elements in the climate system might pass tipping points after which they enter new states with no return in a foreseeable future. Peter Ditlevsen, the Niels Bohr Institute speaks on the importance of the TiPES project.

Sahara turned green at the end of the last ice age. Climate sciencists have struggled to model exactly how the transition took place. Professor Paul Valdes from Physical Geography at Bristol University, Great Brittain explains how a detailed understanding is now within reach.

Earth was very close to entering an ice age only 100 years ago due to natural causes. Now we must wait at least 100.000 years for the next ice age. This is shown by work of Andrey Ganopolski from PIK Potsdam. (13 min.)

How much will temperatures go up, if we double the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere? That has turned out to be a tricky question to answer scientifically. In this podcast, climate scientist Anna von der Heydt explains how initial conditions turn out to be important for getting the right answer: When the Earth system is in a cold state it does not react to a doubling as it does in a warm state. Which state are we in now, then?    

Understanding data from the climate system is like trying to find the melodies in the cacophonic noise of an uncoordinated orchestra- but this is what mathematician and climate scientist Michael Ghil has been working on for decades, improving the equations we use for predicting future climate.