Recent research has further illuminated the concept of "stressed" microglia and their altered functions in driving neurodegeneration. Activation of a cellular stress pathway known as the integrated stress response (ISR) within microglia has been found to prompt these cells to produce and release toxic lipids. These lipids can then damage neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which are crucial for maintaining brain function and are significantly affected in Alzheimer's Disease. This discovery suggests that cellular stress can fundamentally alter the behavior of microglia, leading to neurotoxic outcomes that contribute to the progression of AD.