Professor Sir Simon Baron-Cohen is a cognitive neuroscientist and the Director of the Autism Research Centre, based at Cambridge University. Baron-Cohen was knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to people with autism, as well as making major contributions to the fields of typical cognitive sex differences, autism prevalence and screening, and autism genetics. In this episode, we discuss whether autism is a disease, condition or difference ... the importance of neuro-diversity ... the role of pre-natal testosterone in predicting autism ... the ethical questions re screening for conditions before birth ... the lack of relationship between happiness and intelligence and ... invention as an 'if-then' thought process.