In this episode of the Roots for Churches podcast, Melanie Cave speaks with Dr Penny Pullan about the challenges faced by individuals with hidden illnesses, particularly in the context of church engagement. They discuss the fluctuating nature of chronic illnesses, the impact of church culture on inclusion, and the importance of leadership in fostering a supportive environment. Penny shares insights from her research on how churches can better support those with unseen illnesses and create a culture of belonging. The conversation emphasizes the need for practical steps that church leaders can take to ensure that all members feel valued and included, regardless of their health status.   Takeaways Hidden illnesses are often misunderstood and overlooked in church settings. Fluctuating conditions make it difficult for individuals to participate consistently in church activities. Research shows that many people with chronic illnesses feel they do not belong in their church communities. Church rotas can be particularly challenging for those with invisible illnesses. Leadership plays a crucial role in fostering an inclusive church environment. Many individuals feel valued for what they do, not who they are. Church harms can be physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual for those with chronic illnesses. Online church services can provide a level playing field for participation. Creating a culture of belonging requires intentional effort from church leaders. Practical steps can be taken to improve inclusion for those with unseen illnesses.   Sound Bites 'I have disappeared.' 'To belong, you need to be missed.' 'We need to transform culture.'   Keywords hidden illnesses, chronic illness, church support, inclusion, community, long COVID, ME, church leadership, belonging, research insights   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Hidden Disabilities 03:16 Understanding Unseen Illnesses 06:03 The Fluctuating Nature of Illness 08:37 Researching Unseen Illnesses 11:33 Themes from Research Findings 14:07 Challenges Faced by Individuals with Unseen Illnesses 16:46 The Impact of Church on Individuals with Illnesses 23:03 Raising Awareness of Invisible Illnesses 23:41 Experiences of Exclusion and Stereotyping 24:43 The Impact of Abandonment in Community 26:54 The Role of Leadership in Inclusion 29:01 Creating a Culture of Belonging 30:33 The Importance of Presence and Contribution 31:57 Positive Changes Through Online Engagement 33:13 Leadership and Flexibility in Worship 35:18 Bridging the Gap Between Theology and Practice 36:36 Action Steps for Church Leaders 41:35 Small Steps Towards Inclusion 43:17 Resources for Further Learning 45:15 Embracing Diversity in Faith 46:12 Resources for Inclusive Church Leadership   Show notes www.rootsforchurches.com Ethics of inclusion study Roots podcast: Disability language and theology, with Rev Katie Tupling Miroslav Volf: Exclusion and Embrace  John Swinton: Disability & inclusion Naomi Lawson Jacobs & Emily Richardson: At the Gates: Disability, Justice and the Churches Braun and Clarke: An Approach to Thematic Analysis The ME Association