In episode 12, Darryl Hart and Crawford Gribben talk to Dave Stewart about religious nationalism in early modern Spain. Dave is professor of history at Hillsdale College, MI, and a scholar of religious identities in early modern France and Spain. How did the fifteenth-century re-conquest of the Iberian peninsula contribute to the emergence of a distinct sense of religious responsibility in the Mediterranean and Atlantic worlds? Why did protestant reform make such little impact in the region? And how did the political turbulence of the nineteenth century feed into the social and political pressures that erupted in civil war and the birth of Franco-ism?