In this episode, MLI Senior Fellow Casey Babb interviews Urban Warfare expert John Spencer on Israel's complex battle against Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon. Spencer outlines Hamas' guerrilla tactics, embedded within dense civilian areas where people ae used as human shields and which complicate hostage rescue efforts for Israel. The conversation highlights Israel’s precision airstrikes targeting Hezbollah’s military leadership, and its ground operations protecting the northern border. Spencer sheds light on the changing nature of modern warfare, Israel's humanitarian challenges and the difficulty of countering international criticism. A compelling look at the demands of urban warfare in the Middle East.