In late 1938, detectives in South Philadelphia notice a cluster of sudden deaths tied to small life insurance policies. Many include double-indemnity riders for accidents. Beneficiaries are often cousins or landlords, not spouses. The pattern points to a quiet money machine that moves from kitchen-table sales to fast claims. Investigators map the mechanics. Agents write policies. Brokers and “wise women” steer anxious families toward riders and name the beneficiary. A fixer named Morris Bolber admits he brokers introductions and explains how sponsors sit in on sales and later file claims. He does not claim to poison anyone. He describes meetings, steps, and money. A federal counterfeiting probe crosses the case. Undercover agent Stanley Phillips records Herman Petrillo planning a staged car death to trigger double indemnity. The target, Ferdinando Alfonsi, shows signs of poisoning before any fake accident. That shift pushes the city to seek science. Courts authorize exhumations. The National Stomach Hospital confirms arsenic in organs with clean chain of custody. Patterns in stomach, liver, kidney, and hair show repeat dosing. Soil controls rule out contamination. With lab proof, paper trails, and witness routes, prosecutors move to trial. In 1939, the state presents numbers, logs, and policy files. The defense raises doubt about tonics and informants. Juries convict key figures on murder and related counts. In 1941, Herman and Paul Petrillo are executed. Others see lesser terms, acquittals, or later commutations. The legacy reaches beyond the courtroom. Insurers tighten beneficiary rules and rider disclosures. Audits flag clusters and introducers. In the neighborhood, people ask harder questions before they sign. The case stands as a methodical lesson in how small policies, fear, and profit can be turned into murder, and how patient evidence can pull it apart.