Welcome to Episode 8 of The Making of Pakistan: Unpacking the Roots of a Nation. In this episode, we explore Chapter 7 of K.K. Aziz’s influential work, focusing on the evolution and impact of the Two-Nation Theory in colonial India.

In Episode 8, we delve into the origins and rise of the Two-Nation Theory—the ideological cornerstone of Pakistan’s creation. Based on Chapter 7 of The Making of Pakistan, this episode examines how key leaders, particularly Muhammad Ali Jinnah, advanced the idea that Hindus and Muslims were two distinct nations, each with its own religion, culture, and political destiny. We explore how the Indian National Congress and "Nationalist Muslims" challenged this view, yet how their policies often inadvertently reinforced Muslim separatism. From the role of separate electorates to the deepening social and religious divide, we uncover how a theory once debated became the driving force behind the partition of India.