Before welfare became a scientific field and audit programs became standard, there was a time when farm assessments were built on instinct and good intentions rather than research and rigor. In this episode, Daniel Foy and Dr. Jim Reynolds return to the early 2000s to unpack the formation of the first on-farm food animal welfare audits in the United States. They revisit how environmental failures in the swine industry unexpectedly laid the groundwork for audit systems, and how the National Pork Board pioneered one of the first welfare audit frameworks, later known as Validus. Jim reflects on joining the audit development team as the lone veterinarian with a conscience many called controversial but whose insistence on standards like shade access reshaped the dairy industry’s approach to welfare. The conversation traces how these early audits evolved from a simple “walk-around and thumbs-up” into multi-metric systems with standards on shelter, water, space, and even animal behavior. Listeners will hear how progressive farms helped trial the early models, and how assessments transitioned into audits, with long-term impacts on today’s third-party welfare systems. The episode also looks ahead, with Jim highlighting the need for AI, video, and biometric monitoring to close the gap between annual inspections and real-time welfare risks especially during weather extremes. Whether you’re in animal health, ag-tech, or auditing, this episode offers critical insights into the roots of food animal welfare monitoring and what’s next. Topics covered include: The surprising role of the National Pork Board in welfare audit development Why early audits lacked science but sparked major shifts in practice How shade, shelter, and calf housing became welfare flashpoints Friction and collaboration in defining welfare metrics pre-2010 The rise of Validus and the evolution into industry-wide programs Why real-time data from AI tools is the future of meaningful audits What Jim wishes he could go back and change in early programs To learn more or share feedback, reach out at info@agrigates.io. You can listen on Apple Podcasts | Spotify