Summary In this episode of The Learning Curve, host Dr. Irtaza Asar and guest Dr. Nathaniel Ladaga discuss effective learning strategies in medical education. They explore the four pillars of learning: attention, engagement, feedback, and consolidation, emphasizing the importance of active learning over traditional passive methods. The conversation delves into the science of memory formation, the benefits of spaced repetition, and the significance of interleaving and elaboration in enhancing retention and understanding. Listeners are encouraged to adopt evidence-based strategies to improve their study habits and long-term learning outcomes.   Takeaways Attention is crucial for effective learning. Engagement involves generating hypotheses while learning. Feedback, both positive and negative, enhances learning. Consolidation is key for long-term memory retention. Traditional studying often fails due to passivity. Effortful learning leads to better retention. Spaced repetition helps combat the forgetting curve. Interleaving topics can enhance learning effectiveness. Elaboration connects new knowledge to existing knowledge. Active learning strategies are essential for medical education.