NOTE: This podcast was recording in November, 2024. Today, Clark and Matt are joined once again by our dear friend, Nidhi Sachdeva.  We talk about Desirable Difficulties, originally coined by Robert Bjork and further explored with him and his wife, Elizabeth Bjork. A great overview paper can be found here: https://bjorklab.psych.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/04/EBjork_RBjork_2011.pdf Of course, we talk about the five strategies to foster desirable difficulties: Spaced Learning/ Distributed Practice Retrieval Practice/ The Testing Effect Interleaving Contextual Interference Reduced Feedback We even take a brief detour on whether note taking is effective. And of course, the answer is nuanced... see more here, from Paul Kirschner: https://3starlearningexperiences.wordpress.com/2023/05/09/longhand-notetaking-is-worth-using/ Clark references Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi's Flow... and frankly, the wiki page on it is pretty darn good. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_(psychology)#:~:text=Flow%20state%20theory%20suggests%20that,key%20determinant%20of%20learning%20success. He also mentions Lev Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_development Matt references Thiagi's jolt called THE DAYS OF THE WEEK. Here is a video of the short activity: https://ldaccelerator.com/days-of-the-week-jolt Clark references MAKE IT STICK, by Brown, Roediger, and McDaniel: https://www.amazon.com/Make-Stick-Science-Successful-Learning/dp/B0DG1195CM, as well as their colleague, Pooja Argawal, and her book, POWER TEACHING: https://www.amazon.com/Powerful-Teaching-Unleash-Science-Learning/dp/111952184X/ref=as_li_ss_tl?keywords=powerful+teaching&qid=1572929667&smid=ATVPDKIKX0DER&sr=8-3&linkCode=sl1&tag=retrievalprac-20&linkId=a877fbf2e13704463c6402641571742c&language=en_US We do mention the LDA Learning Science Conference 2024... and how Nidhi will be there presenting about Desirable Difficulties... However, the conference is now past. But, Nidhi will be at the upcoming LDA The Evidence-Informed Practitioner Conference in April, 2025 and repeating her work in the 2025 Learning Science Conference. ________________________________________________ More about Nidhi… Nidhi Sachdeva is an evidence-informed learning designer, post-secondary educator, researcher, and educational technology specialist. She is interested in designing and integrating evidence-informed instructional practices using various educational technology tools, including GenAI. Recently, she has been researching this through microlearning and cognitive science. Nidhi is the co-author of a newsletter called The Science of Learning, which aims to reduce gaps between educational research and instructional practice. She also chaired the ResearchEd Toronto conference 2024, ' Discovering the Science of Learning.'  With almost 20 years of experience developing and facilitating learning content for both face-to-face and online courses within formal higher education, Nidhi is extremely passionate about integrating the Science of Learning into her pedagogical practice. She is currently teaching in the Teacher Education program at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE).