The International Foundation for Integrated Care has defined nine pillars of integrated care based on the evidence accumulated over the last 2 decades.  One of those pillars is Aligned Payments that Promote Integration. This is a difficult subject to understand particularly for policymakers, service managers and health and care professionals working in systems trying to implement integrated care who are not financing and payment experts.  This episode features our Chief Executive Dr Niamh Lennox-Chhugani in conversation with Prof Ellen Nolte. Ellen Nolte is Professor of Health Services and Systems Research at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Her expertise is in health systems research, international health care comparisons and performance assessment.