Kant's essay: https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/universal-history.htm   In this conversation, the hosts explore the philosophical ideas of Immanuel Kant, particularly focusing on his essays related to enlightenment, human progress, and the nature of existence. They discuss the significance of Kant's thoughts on freedom, teleology, and the collective journey of humanity towards a more rational and just society. The dialogue emphasizes the relevance of these ideas in contemporary contexts and the challenges faced in realizing Kant's vision. In this conversation, Jim and Jared explore the philosophical ideas of Kant regarding human development, culture, and the quest for a universal civic society. They discuss the interplay between instinct and reason, the role of antagonism in societal progress, and the challenges of governance. The conversation delves into the need for a just authority and the implications of enlightenment, while also considering the historical context of these ideas and their relevance to contemporary issues.