Maria Kondratyev is the founder and CEO of Aeterna Therapeutics, a San Diego-based biotech startup driving innovation in treating metabolic diseases, particularly in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency. The company’s technology transforms daily hormone injections into monthly treatments, a crucial step in refining patient care and compliance.  “It is life-changing,” Maria adds. “I gave you an example of gross hormone deficiency, but really, there are a lot of different diseases, including oncology, obesity, and diabetes, where we can use this same concept, and we're going to expand there once we grow a little bit.”  Maria's story is particularly compelling. Born in Moscow, raised in Tel Aviv, educated in Canada, and now leading a company in San Diego, Maria brings a unique perspective to international business development. She discusses how technical terms can vary significantly across languages and educational systems, even between herself and her mom: "My mom was also a scientist, a biologist... She got all of her education in Moscow. But when she speaks to me about things like PCR, which we see in the lab all the time, I have no idea what she means."   Maria and Wendy connected at the Redefining Early Stage of Investment (RESI) Conference in Boston, an event hosted by Life Science Nation. (Wendy recently interviewed Dennis Ford, founder and CEO of Life Science Nation, which specializes in fundraising for life sciences companies.) In this episode, Maria describes how an international mindset and cultural intelligence create unique opportunities in the biotech industry.  Building Bridges Across Borders  As the company moved from research to commercialization, Maria's multicultural approach generated inroads into different business cultures, resulting in Canadian commercialization grants and collaboration with Brazilian investors.  Maria encourages entrepreneurs to be open-minded: "Sometimes you're not sure how to talk to a person who was raised in a different environment," she admits. "What means one thing in one culture can mean something completely different in another." Over time, that international mindset evolves into a keen awareness of cultural nuances, creating opportunities that might never have materialized.  The complexity deepens when dealing with scientific innovations that may not have equivalent terms in other languages. With patent translations, for example, sometimes there is no direct translation for new technical terms. In such cases, a professional translator must decide whether to create new terminology, keep the original language, or develop descriptive translations that accurately capture the concept.  The Power of Cultural Intelligence  Maria offers several key insights for entrepreneurs navigating international markets:  1. Rely on professionals even though you speak the language. Maria speaks four languages (English, Russian, Hebrew, and French); however, in her experience, technical and scientific communication require more than basic language skills. Professional translation services become crucial, mainly when dealing with specialized terminology that might not have direct equivalents across languages. 2. Pay attention to cultural nuances. Maria has seen how something as simple as smiling – or not smiling – can be interpreted differently across cultures. Once, while dining with Israeli visitors in a Chinese restaurant in Toronto, her Israeli guests initially interpreted the server's serious demeanor as rudeness. "But she's not rude," Maria explains. "It would be rude for her to smile at you because, in their culture, you smile at your very close family or friends. It's impolite to smile at a stranger." Maria suggests an unconventional but effective approach for those seeking to better understand different cultures: consuming media from target markets. Read literature, read fiction, watch Friends... When I met Brazilian people, I started to research what kind of books th