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The Daily ML
The Daily ML
49 episodes
2 months ago
This research paper examines the impact of an artificial intelligence tool for materials discovery on the productivity and performance of scientists working in a large U.S. firm's R&D lab. The study exploits a randomized rollout of the AI tool across teams of scientists, allowing the researchers to draw causal inferences about the effects of the technology. The paper demonstrates that the AI tool significantly increases the rate of materials discovery, patent filings, and product innovation, but these benefits are unequally distributed among scientists. The researchers find that the AI tool is most beneficial to scientists with strong judgment skills, which involve the ability to evaluate and prioritize AI-generated candidate compounds. The study also reveals that the AI tool automates a significant portion of idea generation tasks, resulting in a reallocation of scientist labor towards judgment tasks. This reallocation, along with the increased demand for judgment skills, explains the heterogeneous impact of the AI tool on scientific performance.
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Technology
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This research paper examines the impact of an artificial intelligence tool for materials discovery on the productivity and performance of scientists working in a large U.S. firm's R&D lab. The study exploits a randomized rollout of the AI tool across teams of scientists, allowing the researchers to draw causal inferences about the effects of the technology. The paper demonstrates that the AI tool significantly increases the rate of materials discovery, patent filings, and product innovation, but these benefits are unequally distributed among scientists. The researchers find that the AI tool is most beneficial to scientists with strong judgment skills, which involve the ability to evaluate and prioritize AI-generated candidate compounds. The study also reveals that the AI tool automates a significant portion of idea generation tasks, resulting in a reallocation of scientist labor towards judgment tasks. This reallocation, along with the increased demand for judgment skills, explains the heterogeneous impact of the AI tool on scientific performance.
Show more...
Technology
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Ep37. Adapting While Learning: Grounding LLMs for Scientific Problems
The Daily ML
12 minutes 26 seconds
1 year ago
Ep37. Adapting While Learning: Grounding LLMs for Scientific Problems
This research paper proposes a new method for training large language models (LLMs) to solve complex scientific problems. The authors argue that current LLMs struggle with complex scientific questions, often hallucinating answers instead of providing accurate solutions. To address this, they suggest integrating LLMs with specialized tools. However, traditional methods for integrating tools often result in the model over-relying on these tools, even when simpler reasoning would suffice. To overcome these limitations, the paper presents a two-component fine-tuning method: World Knowledge Distillation (WKD), which allows the LLM to learn from the solutions generated by tools, and Tool Usage Adaptation (TUA), which trains the model to intelligently choose between direct reasoning and using external tools based on the difficulty of the question. The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of their approach on various datasets across different scientific domains, including mathematics, climate science, and epidemiology, finding significant improvements in both answer accuracy and tool usage precision.
The Daily ML
This research paper examines the impact of an artificial intelligence tool for materials discovery on the productivity and performance of scientists working in a large U.S. firm's R&D lab. The study exploits a randomized rollout of the AI tool across teams of scientists, allowing the researchers to draw causal inferences about the effects of the technology. The paper demonstrates that the AI tool significantly increases the rate of materials discovery, patent filings, and product innovation, but these benefits are unequally distributed among scientists. The researchers find that the AI tool is most beneficial to scientists with strong judgment skills, which involve the ability to evaluate and prioritize AI-generated candidate compounds. The study also reveals that the AI tool automates a significant portion of idea generation tasks, resulting in a reallocation of scientist labor towards judgment tasks. This reallocation, along with the increased demand for judgment skills, explains the heterogeneous impact of the AI tool on scientific performance.