This episode discusses a significant scientific advancement where B.C. researchers successfully 3D-printed lung tissue that accurately mimicked human lung function. This 3D bioprinted model, composed of three distinct cell types and structures resembling blood vessels, was stress-tested by exposing it to cigarette smoke, demonstrating an inflammatory response similar to actual lungs. The creation of such a complex and consistent 3D model marks a crucial improvement over traditional 2D cell cultures or animal testing, offering a more reliable platform for understanding lung diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While not yet suitable for transplantation, this research, led by assistant professor Emmanuel Twumasi Osei, provides invaluable insights into cellular communication and disease mechanisms, paving the way for more effective drug development and ultimately, a better understanding of lung health. Future applications include studying the effects of wildfire smoke on the lungs. https://thebusinessofmanufacturingpodcast.podbean.com/