Surveys in different countries seem to show that attitudes towards immigrants and ethnic minorities have become more positive over time. But are these attitudes in surveys reflected in actual practices? Or are people just more aware of which opinions are acceptable in society? The problem is that practices are difficult to measure. One type of practice that has been studied in the labour market for a long time are hiring practices: are candidates from ethnic minorities or with an immigrant background less likely to be invited for a job interview? In this episode we talk with Dr Valentina di Stasio, a sociologist at Utrecht University and the author of many articles on ethnic discrimination in European labour markets, notably a review of experiments conducted in Britain since the 1960s.