
Chapter 12 of Byung-Chul Han's Psychopolitics: Neoliberalism and New Technologies of Power is titled "Beyond the Subject," and it explores pathways to liberation from the pervasive control mechanisms of neoliberal psychopolitics by challenging the very notion of the subject.
The chapter introduces the concept of the "event," drawing on Nietzsche's idea of "naturification," which includes a "readiness for what is absolutely sudden and thwarting," representing something incalculable and abrupt that defies all prediction and annuls the standing order to open new spaces for action.
Following Nietzsche, Foucault also conceived of the "event" as a "reversal of a relationship of forces" and an "overthrow of domination," signifying breaks and discontinuities that call forth entirely new constellations of Being.
This idea is contrasted with "experiencing" (Erlebnis), as true experience (Erfahrung) is founded on discontinuity and transformation, serving to "wrench the subject from itself," leading to its "annihilation or its dissolution" from a state of subjection and subjugation.
Han argues that the contemporary "psychopolitics of experiencing or emotion" only ensnares the subject further, whereas the "art of living" as a practice of freedom must therefore proceed by way of de-psychologization, which disarms the psychological programming and steering of neoliberal domination.
This process of de-psychologization allows the subject, once de-voided, to open onto a mode of existence that remains unnamed and an unwritten future, ultimately aiming to move entirely beyond the confines of the subjected self.