In this episode, we discuss Peter A. Smith’s review article on the complex and heterogeneous nature of neuropathic pain. The article highlights how research in rodent models has uncovered a cascade of inflammatory mediators that contribute to persistent pain, involving immune cells, afferent terminals, and glial cells. Despite these insights, the translation into effective therapies has been limited. Smith advocates for the improved quantification of patient sensory profiles and the development of personalized medicine that considers factors such as sex and genetics to better address neuropathic pain. Tune in to learn more about how these advancements could bridge the gap between basic science and clinical practice.