In this episode, Ibrar Bhatt talks to Canglong Wang about critique as a means of 'jiaohua', or 'cultivation', in the Chinese philosophical tradition. Critique in Confucianism is not merely a challenge directed at external individuals or society; rather, it is viewed as a personal moral and social responsibility. Canglong draws on fieldwork conducted in Confucian schools to demonstrate how critique is a corrective tool in educational practice. Implications for teaching in higher education are discussed.

You can read Canglong's article here:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13562517.2025.2468971?src=exp-la