This excerpt, likely from a historical text titled "Lost Islamic History," offers a comprehensive overview of Islamic civilisation from its inception in Pre-Islamic Arabia through to the early 20th century. It explores the rise of Islam under the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم), the subsequent expansion of the Muslim state under the Rightly Guided Caliphs and successive dynasties like the Umayyads and Abbasids, and the intellectual golden ages that fostered advancements in science, medicine, and geography. The text also examines the spread of Islam to diverse regions such as Al-Andalus, West and East Africa, India, and China, detailing the unique ways the religion integrated with local cultures. Finally, it addresses periods of upheaval and decline, including the Crusades and Mongol invasions, concluding with the rebirth of Islamic power under the Ottomans and early modern reforms.